Class 12th Chemistry Part Ii CBSE Solution
Intext Questions Pg-285- 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene. Write structures of the following compounds:…
Intext Questions Pg-289- Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?…
- Write structures of different halogen derivatives of propane.
- A single monochloride. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the…
- Three isomeric monochlorides. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12,…
- Four isomeric monochlorides. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12,…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- CH3CH2Br + NaI → Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
Intext Questions Pg-307- Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by an…
- In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which compound undergoes faster SN1 reaction?…
- Identify A, B, C, D, E, R and R1 in the following:
Exercises- Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl,…
- But-1-ene to but-2-ene How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3:2-Bromo-3-chlorobutane Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- CHF2CBrClF :1-bromo-1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane Give the IUPAC names of the following…
- ClCH2C≡CCH2Br: 1-bromo-4-chlorobut-2-yne Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- (CCl3)3CCl Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
- CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3 Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- (CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- p-Bromochlorobenzene Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 2-Bromobutane Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment? (i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3 (iii) CCl4…
- A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro…
- Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br.
- 1-butanol Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from…
- 1-chlorobutane Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from…
- but-1-ene. Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from…
- What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
- Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with -OH?…
- 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by…
- 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by…
- 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane. Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by…
- Ethanol to but-1-yne How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Ethane to bromoethene How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Propene to 1-nitropropane How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Toluene to benzyl alcohol How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Propene to propyne How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Ethanol to ethyl fluoride How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Bromomethane to propanone How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Benzene to biphenyl. How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexylchloride? Explain why…
- Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water? Explain why…
- Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions? Explain why…
- Give the uses of Freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform.…
- CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- (CH3)3CBr + KOH Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following…
- CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- CH3CH2Br + KCN Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following…
- C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following…
- CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2 Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- CH3CH2CH = CH2+ HBr Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- Write the mechanism of the following reaction: nBuBr + KCN nBuCN
- 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane Arrange the compounds of each set…
- 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane Arrange the…
- 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2 dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane,…
- Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH.…
- p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. than those of o- and m-isomers. Discuss.…
- Propene to propan-1-ol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Ethanol to but-1-yne How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Toluene to benzyl alcohol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Ethanol to propanenitrile How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Aniline to chlorobenzene How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane How the following conversions can be…
- Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- But-1-ene to n-butyliodide How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Chloroethane to butane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Benzene to diphenyl How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Aniline to phenylisocyanide How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but…
- Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Compound…
- n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH, What happens when…
- bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether, What happens when…
- chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis, What happens when
- ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH, What happens when
- methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether, What happens when…
- methyl chloride is treated with KCN? What happens when
Intext Questions Pg-291
- 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene Write structures of the following compounds:…
- 1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene. Write structures of the following compounds:…
- Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?…
- Write structures of different halogen derivatives of propane.
- A single monochloride. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the…
- Three isomeric monochlorides. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12,…
- Four isomeric monochlorides. Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12,…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- CH3CH2Br + NaI → Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following…
- Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:…
- Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by an…
- In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which compound undergoes faster SN1 reaction?…
- Identify A, B, C, D, E, R and R1 in the following:
- Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl,…
- But-1-ene to but-2-ene How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3:2-Bromo-3-chlorobutane Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- CHF2CBrClF :1-bromo-1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane Give the IUPAC names of the following…
- ClCH2C≡CCH2Br: 1-bromo-4-chlorobut-2-yne Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- (CCl3)3CCl Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
- CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3 Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- (CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:…
- 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- p-Bromochlorobenzene Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 2-Bromobutane Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- 4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene Write the structures of the following organic halogen…
- 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.…
- Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment? (i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3 (iii) CCl4…
- A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro…
- Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br.
- 1-butanol Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from…
- 1-chlorobutane Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from…
- but-1-ene. Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from…
- What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
- Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with -OH?…
- 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by…
- 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by…
- 2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane. Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by…
- Ethanol to but-1-yne How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Ethane to bromoethene How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Propene to 1-nitropropane How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Toluene to benzyl alcohol How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Propene to propyne How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Ethanol to ethyl fluoride How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Bromomethane to propanone How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- 1-Chlorobutane to n-octane How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- Benzene to biphenyl. How will you bring about the following conversions?…
- The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexylchloride? Explain why…
- Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water? Explain why…
- Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions? Explain why…
- Give the uses of Freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform.…
- CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- (CH3)3CBr + KOH Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following…
- CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- CH3CH2Br + KCN Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following…
- C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following…
- CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2 Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- CH3CH2CH = CH2+ HBr Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the…
- Write the mechanism of the following reaction: nBuBr + KCN nBuCN
- 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane Arrange the compounds of each set…
- 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane Arrange the…
- 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2 dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane,…
- Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH.…
- p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. than those of o- and m-isomers. Discuss.…
- Propene to propan-1-ol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Ethanol to but-1-yne How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Toluene to benzyl alcohol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Ethanol to propanenitrile How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Aniline to chlorobenzene How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane How the following conversions can be…
- Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- But-1-ene to n-butyliodide How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Chloroethane to butane How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Benzene to diphenyl How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- Aniline to phenylisocyanide How the following conversions can be carried out?…
- The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but…
- Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Compound…
- n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH, What happens when…
- bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether, What happens when…
- chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis, What happens when
- ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH, What happens when
- methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether, What happens when…
- methyl chloride is treated with KCN? What happens when
Intext Questions Pg-285
Question 1.Write structures of the following compounds:
2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
Answer:From the name of the compound it is clear that the parent ring is pentane and chloro and methyl groups are attached in the straight chain at 2nd and 5th position respectively. Hence, the structure is as follows: -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 2.Write structures of the following compounds:
1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
Answer:From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is hexane with 2 attachments namely chloro and ethyl groups at 1 and 4 positions respectively. Hence, the structure is as follows: -
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)
Question 3.Write structures of the following compounds:
4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane
Answer:From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is heptane with tertiary butyl and iodine groups attached at 4 and 3 positions respectively. Hence, the structure is as follows: -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 4.Write structures of the following compounds:
1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
Answer:From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is an alkene with the unsaturation present in between 2nd and 3rd carbon and 2 bromine atoms attached at 1st and 4th carbon. Hence, the structure is as follows : -
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOQAAABvCAYAAAD8IGyWAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAACOjSURBVHhe7Z17cFzVfcfvrta2ZCNbBhtCzUMYcDA44MS8jHm4YB6lxJAEynSYlOk000eSaTrt5L9OHKfpg2ln0kw7HRraTt2WpGAaEmMSjM3TgHkplh8g7Bghy9jGGFtrS7bW1mq338/1OeJotVpJ1u7eXe85Mz+t9j7O+f2+v+c59+69ieXLlwe+eQQ8ApWBQKIy2PBceAQ8AiDgHdLbgUegghDwDllByvCseAS8Q3ob8AhUEAIld8ijq1Y1dAVBU2Mi0dAbBBOCdDqeTiT6g+7uQ53pdNfCBx44XkF4eFZOcQTmLlsWX7dgQaPEbGqsr5/Ql0olUkEQC/r6UsGECQd/1NJyWAud2ahgKLlDyhkXSLoH0kFwSTybndQfi8WD/v6eeH39K7NjsWd2r1q1edbSpUejAsCPW1sIyBlPiwfBl2ST9/VnMo3purqJsUwmyCYSHUE8vvbrixY9N3fu3M62trZMFMiU3CEl1UUC4I7+bPYsgfBWEIvtEwDpbCx2mZxzhr6v3/3YY2tn3X//wSgA8GPWHAIN/UFwDTaZzmR2ZzOZllgs1id7JFEsSR8/PmvdQw+tVZLYEAUyJXdICT5RgvX29fdvqEskvvPJ+ee/fvaePVNTqdQ3tf0OOWesr7GxdeuKFcfOnj69UeUDPAmzoM4A0rNEZUTb8uWRRKwolOLHLCkCdUoCE4NstrMvnX5CSeL7XRdc0DO9s/NqTae+qe03a/SPJq1fv3HPnj0N+n9yqqGBEjZbf8I2VdsGh0tV1ZXcIQ20/Zlstudob++eefPm9Qfz5nXtXbWqXVJuE+0QEP3Tpk27MZXN3qtoNVXR6sNsNluv/9MC6OV1s2c/MysIukuqJt95TSDQ29sbq588GQc7pqh/8NylSw/JtoIDe/bsPJZO79COHpWuH3b29n4m3dBwj5z3hlg2e1jZ4KDWQKbp0N2xIHhKn2+XArCSO6Qy5BEJ0z+hrm5uoq7u23tXr96lMkHBJpgmp2tPJBKv1icSh1NHj87Vti8KkAlBJvNMPBbbo/1HtI35ZWST7FKA7vuMDoGGhoa07KpHBjV1Yjx++8erV9fLMVNKGE1yvgmZWOzN+JEjm9Px+OlyvEU67m7Ru7Lj9fpMylmTss+SLUSW3CHljDCfkYPNkkA4XIraU4Inlf3eSqfTE0UxCYrTHRYoH+vzZ/ry8vSursObEom+Z9rb+/wNftEZ8Sk2cr8cTckumFwXj1+uhZ1zZZsZJYl+VWa74ppXBg0N8UQ6Hchz07LDfXLG1zXd+o9Ed3f73oaGVPfMmX1k1VK0kjukHK1BwtZpAt0uZ1uZiMd3KPpkNYG+VfsuVWRaJIEPKOqk9V1Va3Z3LJHYMuvOO/ci8EJDpRDe91mTCCTkZFPklD2ZTGZjJh5/Qk7QJ/s8O6iruyXMivF4m75/JHT69P2wvu9IdHVtPuOBB/rOKDFkpXfIIGiQUHFFoh1ayHnkovvvDx1t16pVZ9Zls9dp3yVBIvG85pEkTi28xlL6v6fEcvvuaxQBzSHrNIeconlhT28ms/78u+5aARRHV6yY0dXUdKWy5OVy1GYlif2yRRYX00ooR3DGckBWcodUCaCrPMGEeDx+1pQpU6468OyzLSpRiVBnK1Ih9E5do+wVI5MkcL3K2EmaV5acr3KA68eoPAQ0h8zKwQI5XuPEWGy2roNfXF9ff/T49OnzZZMJVWg7VcKSHWWKLKzKJnWtslySlNzwlfpTcsY6eSQ3CPzV8ePHkypTdWtEkNL3Fi32rFVG/ISa3lB4N0+5APDj1BYCcr50qreXhcKZsskva5447/ixY1wFkI/GDmptY42M7205xkylx9O0cZKmUyX3E6uFkg8kZ3xXg/1EUedi5crJmkcmwlWqeLxVDvlSurGxpbOzM3teY+MmhaQfa39Horf3cG2ZiZe2XAik9u49Gkyf/oJsr6EuFpumqRQXGWNyvI9lk6/LXp/X+kXngVWrsulYbK342iraVC7+Su6Ql82cuemd/fvbUun0hKC+vq4+lYql6uuzARPKlpbe7+m+QVasNjz66JrGdPr56bNn91/f0nK8rVwI+HFqCoEftbcf+eGcOavfaWxcOymdrtN0qq5B9tiVSqU7Dx1K2XurZYO7WxYseKS9qyverZX+Uq2q5oJfcodMLlyYljCaJg5t31u6dGCjASK8vtN2ww01ZSRe2PIhwI3jSV2Kk02GtsY8yX66TsedYdrXO698rIUjldwhh5PH/ApkSn1vb1y3Jh27rLu791vbt/dFead9mbH3w1UIAk0bNiTe2b69XqXsFK3ixFJdXT2zHnwwkpX+yBxyfxCcoxXYuUenTJmsun3v+4lE+5/OmRNe+6kQPXk2agCB8OdYl146Vc44W+JeovtUA/2/5TvLlm1mOlVuCCJzSK1knRuLx2+K9ffP1CLPO8qSx7u6ug7qwqt3yHJbQQ2P98qcOXW6Z/V0JYcrtPC4RIs7WdllauXjj28J2tpqyiGnStpzZQvnaGWVW+amKTLZX3jUsIl40cuJwHaVqOdpKqk7ds7SKv+FuhzHdfPTV65cGdMPIcrJSrRzSO4XUCTid5Fp/XCZG34z0/1N5GU3AD9guOKYVYbs1w0A3LuaUfXGHTqRtOhKVt3PivCSmpt6M8qQ2TA2+eYRKDcCCd3eyq2b2Sy3bmKFZS9VrciROWS5MffjeQSqAQHvkNWgJc9jzSDgHbJmVO0FrQYEvENWg5Y8jzWDQKQOaX/SoaXmcHXHN49AlAhgh1G3yBySgXXthx+d6Sb7eMCaa94bXqNGyI9/yiPAjx71FIvQBrXiH+ipFpHJHJlDdvf1hcLTtNTMn6AhQiAi04AfOHIEunt5xM6JxvWOKO9OicwhOw4dGgDAlqypurqgXD9zidwKPAMVgUC7uOju6grIiSQIbJFMeebKlYEeV1p2HiNzyPf27+cRCScEVmbk/8wknuLhm0egfAhs37492H/aaQFPmXMrtpfEQvndMcKfX+0/mud1Hvm2lU83fqQaRaCrJ5JfWuVFO7IMWaO692J7BAoi4B3SG4hHoIIQ8A5ZQcrwrHgEvEN6G/AIVBAC3iErSBmeFY9AlA7JpR/Gn2A+o7s9wttBrSPA5UfuB8AWuYszMluM0iERnLvleIYOn/521lp3i+jk54I4TwnAFsOXs0XFSpQOydPJd4p4BySfSeOYUWHhx61NBHBGLorzEig9Yie8e+5gVFBE6ZCdEvpFEa+N3ifabSJUVFj4cWsTATIjDrjFJAdQwDEjyZJROuSHEpqXs1K/U7JCkT1cqDZt0UutB3Nnli1bRrX2nohbW2nHo3pgd2QOKYGp1/0zWL1PRI4ATikmjhmKlJ/IHDJSqf3gHoEKRSASh1SJEP7KxcEka6JUhcI0erbGKps5Hjwq4QfrLGigi7yPQRyrbKNHLfojJRv26OogE0XZOqxDisFzxOBtotNFr4m511zYtP+z+r5ERB8vaP/m0cCq8/jJ41Wiz4vOFHHtZ6+2v6HPN9UP88qqbJKB90NcLfqcaIYJOju1/XX9/7ZkS1rBjHHzyvq5omtEl+QYRLkxYE6PDlvFW6eZUgzwoG3wiWyXivRM63A18n1txy5adXzl/GRiDMiJf+yXX1ohGzY9TcSbsd4zsm2VbOErP2hGx/gFi5Evad+v3OG0/3J9/00R07HntH/bGNgp+Par31BHvyvCyGBwkEOa7b+vT37EyCppQYcUo7z5CwOcL8IAAQGjbRSx7EwAmKnjNuizXYKErwurhiaeTxOfBJcrjWw4F4GM7Rgwss0wQQdjt4tXvCp7pjnmWn1GdkFaY2M4SdH7ojBTmKCBfrAFgih6u0iEQ6JP5GQfsr2lzz1RZJWTsRHxy40AyKY3CYTOCF0gahJh03NEZ4vO0LEbnUTB8V8Vod8u0SCH1Hf0/TURjyH4QFQ0h0RODCT8MXUeodlmS8/RlFsX6vhFIgyX647Pi1jdAgCc8wui2w0YejlWcCDPmBW3yZQ6KAFjxVDfET0l4voqzkbEvEJ0pwgjoAI4guHqXF7lTvbkks+TZn+5n5qN7hgzKeLtYwRX+3gjAgaVzAIRGQFeHxOxAIKxzhehu7tMH0875+rfim4EFHSGbtAL9silOBZ4eOcMMhNwCKpkO/bbxvHF8otBIBWaQ6IkshSlyInnbQxuSX3tNptGc7mCTEsqR5mUb7wuOmwyTF57jqE2i4g6g64BaT8Ri0gMASTjldNwLfiULvCHIx10Mh2KQzYCCeX7ekc2IiTbzxIRgAb4NlXAHm2DKrHhkLYE+7X+f1o8tzqy7TBYYLTYSSibyT5N+pcKiCCFM4NhOa/tEWiwb3SGbXHh/7CTweGJimahaKPoLe1DRvjnvA4RCQTn+/ShOydkoE9sfzi/AIuTuvuskEPSIc4zVbRATBLF3YYwAE4mGM3lC8pVnJIobB057E9A7FL/PzdjEQQG7dd3nPAy0XUiMix8lVO54MR4XEBGaVxExrlsIIInyh0UN0hJKNlkQoyW/fBeLQ25yYTNol15ZNsi2TB0jLvHCVD2PJyZ0g87wbDLGUgJAARy9IHDMRXCVt3sz3rG+aJNIgJt2CRHWnK9rX8pOQlKrj3aW+yatP0aHZdrq9goQYggOxq/sMOGn4UcEsNBACL774huHXRmEEzRd0qyFpEbQXIOG/jK4g1P3AOogUmyAwIGfph5S555CMpE6Uy4IXgbTVYejpexbLeRlvFQJnIjizvfQ2nwx7FDsJA8KLtrGNnGwksUxyIbhm1vMRvEg2SjWrDzTbsPbMCIQMo8DZ2hQ/ArV2XDeJZv+IAfd2oFj9gj8qHbQXozweVjM492Zcb2OBZn/j3R3TlKIYGRfLjJYIidj6TAQg5p737HKbmLgazgNjsZ5riBfiQAAn5GhMAHJJiNIGQYBOdzyJxT5zFJJpIe0/8f6Tw3k7DoQ1kLLziE7Wck+Yqx386T4RtFMLcl+tlIa0uxQrKRQYmaPZJtHxG4GIyVqQ+rNxxpyKKT5CGDYoSH9P/Hko3jkY9KiAUPMisOYXEql0MyHraJU6AvAkduVYXObGAfJJtZG8Dp4B2dh4HH9Im9U5ayXoBvuI1FL+af9ldM4T71R8DGDmifCCdseUgr5JBEF4wfYB9TBw+7Z2uAJfr+XREOWG/meSgGZ8T4iD5HtJ37Asl+lHsAAyOUbwNNx5BpbxAhDJHlOdGAQ2psHBLhoUprOGxSBE7wTEZwZWOF9SYR81+Cygui0CElNxg1iZCfzygbekFHULepUuCT73ahB/1SotqMyELdjSKCKZVSaPQ6l1KN48JjK7TBI47G/J6GbGHyMHNI1gWwSXT0mpGN3fgFzsVlohWS9VFXPp37FX1HnzjkRKNj+iZw4Rdsn2VK/b06f1AWLeSQGBoRhs98ER2BiHZEHahJNF+EcmAWQVihY8XqVVGH6E1z3FkmsqJADPV60WIR0QjnZdxqaciObMxTwAOwWa1j7tIswmBRLPtyDZTShpU+VmD5HM1qdalwIXC+LCJgEPjQOfN5Fm5aRQTF88jw+sSILhaxkAXfOHO4IFJFDRnaRCQHZL1AsqEz9MSq+c0i7BeH3Zwjl/WLfHNEu81mY/yBfhiHdRi+s/5CcmJhc9CC3kglK53QAXOA3IbXs8/W6mQHVrOIOh2ieSKyJY7JpJnMt1rE9R4YZAWLMoFoQuRgnsVEulWE8qulATzlPMb7OREOeJvBhfk3OIELlwwwdI6zDaNA4e+LiLpgWa6SzvJAEGDMnSJbwVgeMC50QnmGbAQO5kxEeXRLBUXwfUuEQ+aWhI6oFfcvQYTMh92xYHif6H6jB7IZMrKo84aow+Ge7VRB2OxwfsE+fIvqER0TxMCWQI1PkYTsHHsQMIUckkzVKsJgAD234Xgoi0GpiZP63GjSPUaIceGEHEcJxKIGZQ1jkhlQMAZrl5hf1P9rdBwRuWqaKe12Szbkx5Ax1CuMjAQcMg+RcB2rya5g+n5A5+GoODSBC8zKbdR2bofzhavAdrXUzAc7jGwcx5yKQNskYu61VfQLEZd6bOlXFboTvwRGVsDJipShzSIcE2cjuTD/JYG8YmzbypXUP9jxQPmeIzDOR4DCEbt0bjgNMGsrnEMjeDHFIdANaoUcskNH/sAwmw9slPE3IiIsTNjGvIKUjGCUBFA4IcZ4xRjpn+OfMX2zi9qdbVWlVBdJJumSjQCF0z1pZMO5UDjgE5iGNDPfSubbVynbMEjJRjYhk9t5EA4J38yDBi4ZVArPY+ADm3teRPVCxsMnKGHRF4uLJCa3bdOXh8xxrt3bY6wN5E5RmJPOF9mKkUCNsw5qwzqkWUhBAXmbYXSAWSmMbHe5iFL0syKiDINjkBwXLtKYfikFoFOqSTYCS+51qVNCRpMlkqeEMI4QpsLB+fIGzFx5dTxZbdj5sglOAwFKfkFVQcXEOslsEaUylZD1C3cKU/A65FixZz7BiqJdmSWCMsc8T0TtfEoa6lhB8sfXHALMGVnYpCxmHknVxLoJ26imBl3+KFSyjhU5yjIuV3BHhDsPIqIkx9qZP94jcIogwMrqGhEr2CQpGuVs3mqqaA5pSlEyYU01lSSUHyz9s0hFUHrZnVOZC8KUK8ytWeRar/2jubMpchzNNTSmIFziYIrBAsdARNd+5lysKttrrBu0P98lsshliYoBU+IOWbwZjp+iOWRUAlfAuDgk16weFLH6xsV/d5GDa6tLRVwyYCGL1buqcEjxyaWYuwz/z+qzVeSWWCzwcKngWtGPRawueocch1F6hxwHeM6pXPph7swiVu7FfcoTu595RJQX/8cqLbzaO7b4zNfsfmT0bZwIeIccJ4DmdK7h2bnyoNU6rkOZ63jMGVhRK/eF//FICK/21zdk/dyVSJbtkyJky3fXynjGrslzvUOOX+3WaMkm3BRwvRzQvQGAeRYrzWBdrQ4J76wKLpZs7rUz7mhh/shNA9Um2/g1X4IevEOOH1RWlMmOGCW3BXLpx/2lChhjuDQySTXNsVgVhGfmkotFXF92+adMxSGRHyr3XUbj116F9eAdsjgKsTfDc7GXmyncuzuYY0H2LpBqm0NiI/aOI+4ucX+dwDU25s72hwjFQbOGe/EOOX7l44zcJkg24bap5SL3flzu2/1L0e0iDLiaMEc2eOZm/xdE3xdxo7xt5+uf74qoDMCA4/1cchw2VU3GMQ4xS34q5SpZgnkUz9oZuB1Kcy7u47WXOWwmLTlDRRzA8kwZzg/OXdmYT7Id2cHAt3Ei4B1ynACa07ncwTU5qEnEDQK28Z1bCCGuSVaT4eJozB/h3crmXkO1srEv3yWf4qBbQ714hxy/slll5R5FfsXC/HHQL8D1nUUQfmvIfj6rqaSjDGfFeDjeyY7cfcT8mFvE/KLOOO3JO+Q4AdTpGO1qEXfp2J+Rub2y+shdLNzPSIk36tuoxs/auHvgrpz/Fa0zvOf+FIly/N9E/M6PnyJVU7AZNzil6MA75DhRNT/iJfNBQ5r5vSM/1xn2JzvjZKFkp5v7Ulmgyvujce2nGuBWQd+KhIB3yCIB6bvxCBQDAe+QxUDR9+ERKBIC3iGLBKTvxiNQDAS8QxYDRd+HR6BICHiHLBKQvhuPQDEQ8A5ZDBR9Hx6BIiHgHbJIQPpuPALFQMA7ZDFQ9H14BIqEgHfIIgHpu/EIFAMB75DFQNH34REoEgLeIYsEpO/GI1AMBLxDFgNF34dHoEgIeIcsEpC+G49AMRDwDlkMFH0fHoEiIeAdskhA+m48AsVAwDtkMVD0fXgEioSAd8giAem78QgUA4GyOaSevsbTu5tFPCTp1zmviR61LOqHxw3SD48g5Hk2PMeG/uyrvsbSF08anyviYU7b1AfPhQk0Bm+qmi/iCWst2s4zc+x29vFoi3er/M3Bw+JkXksPLrxslDcMI2vRXhBk3gjGg7F44FfSvCEqLz+GFx7GDO7ww8O0aDxOhKc08EwfnoZ3SjzPp2QOKSABm/4niAD0XtGtIl4J/c8oYliLyLPD9MdT2y4V/ZboSyIc6T9F/yIas0PqHF4z/W0RT+D+R1HokGo8ofsBEc+/4TmkoUOq3ST6mqhD9Leian6VtxEp7wdGD75fFL1iZC2aQ6q/GaJbRDxAmvcm8tr7Ic0E3znacZ2IN2yhLwIyeuf5RK3m/Dd07E7zuJRCclX8vpI5pCQnAgLgPEN36JNXOvMgKJx0rI1zcRScG4WS3XhEIQ8iPtlHK+KIPPqfflC0bbxv/hERD23qcLYjU7PIPot0rDJUy/HgyVt+LxC9JzqZYFdI1ibtxCF5CDPPGsrrkNrOOzd53R3Z8UPRYyIe2oz9oP+LRAR6eGXf3moBeDg+S+2QOBClKg/bpcSg1OOxiKN+A5QiH080o48ForOMYnjHIpETRY3qSWfqByVS8nAejy0k+6FweOOtTijaNh7exBPVMET3HfAEk6QIB16oPnkBDVmbLMpj9vfZ0sm8yBWD4WWnGB7ZlGM6Ka+1v8nw0qxPHscPD5TfRHp4C5t5KSqBjSDE+DQMEN46RGQKMIIX+mQcnGhXbhlvSkWwhK8zRchJ2cdDrPbreKsXyr+kGY+Ad4vOJQhhLzgGTtRlj9c+5KPEJWDBP1WQ5f0y/Uvg4xyyLN+/LOIltuDI28H43GinBpxrmuWjVd+fF/Ey3PDdIjoHh/xzEZkc3niq34gOafBEfgI8QRj84O0D9T1gAyY7gzvvZYEPsOF4bBj5OtyHRhuewIcAj86xNXTES4zR+0cOvla+IZ+ldEgEwMg6DFAY2x+IKIdGzJCmREWRKBDHQdn09ZqIUoe3FjeLiOYFnVJ9cTwg8WLV20Q8+JfnjeKYGDdG7Doeff+JCMf4gRlTH6HiUQ6gUzbzPxkbo/6F6CVTOtl3Qv62tiFzk4jS7L9EH5l5EQbJS1wZC346RJSH67R/szM/xdH+WHSViMzNQ5gxfnBsFeFMGMp8ETKC+S9Fa9TPdvUTvvjHBDbKfTBYLMIocXBef8DLWG3ZB+8YPc4KtvSJA+H06GCr6CnRmyL7QGgwpJS/XPS4KHRINXj/hgin/lcRmRDcyHpsIxhSFuOQzFXt1MCcHsqHs8DTEeuMZic6x5nggc+RbIAylyD0eRHZmRIYvtEduD8njN7RGIdM/zg8ultieIM/nBM8nxM9reOZW4fBU/+jDxLEjaLFIrCGp1Zz/Gs65sORyupSOiQC8KzSw2LisJj5gv7H6FFywRLTZBciOSUTBsHxCMYrs+kLR8VgcIi+kYTUMYDLuzVQAgBuFGG48w1PKMvlyZbbKIfob5s9hrHJFDgDRtcswtHB8wkR59EnjsviE4a2wRxPcMApMEwc6VURmYPgQEXBeBgqGYGGsdIHymYBA4fYIsKwCFREcb7jIBgXAQwjJ6OuENlykO33iMgMHAcGGBHHWV7+T/8TnMAVHmjg9YEIfcIDMtF/XHpYZSoC5CYjsB9Hs43+wQddYszrRciFrOgD2fj+U9GQx2Sqb3CGBjWNyzgLRQQyAt1bIvRZqFHJsAaAwyDbahEBqUmETEtFHMMzaGnw3iyCf9YWCFw2QaA/nPl/RCQIGrjeI4I38EJW7AVcFomaRIwJ9sO2kjkkjqNRIdswPjIj0W6kkpXjyBz3ijAYDBoAzjDZBYfBwfm8Wtv+UJ9hJjANoMky9nminEtGAniyFEBidET+K0Tg4GZt+kqK4N+NvCgER0NBz4heFGFcZDCMlJKHbINDIiNj7BNhNI+LH7Ij8twg4gU1RNofiih5kefPRPBJNWEdkj5wWMqxVtGT6ucT9XOr/icjkaGfFv1EhAF81fCD4a0VWYekVGcbDsfDjTEYeP8jEcZIeQU/7Id3AgfbwBBH5fmrGN23RGRrMKAqIMiSUXHcpPnUR9jAEQzBJQ7f+qQCYBuBBIeEb2S9Stvpn0bf6A9cBpopIwlOOCOBmiBBQEPGQ9pPn2BCvzQqCvqBR3Q8T7RYRDAluGEnBIorRQRCdGUdEtzhn2PB6t9F6AE9/4UI5ybIWodkOoXj4cAcT2kLhnxnUYqkYIOm/s3fSuaQw444uh0YPYZL2seZAJ/shnNgdPBNJCaKAQLHuU7eoe8Pi6xDEhEpuVDUUVsOSoGUO0Rg+iuYtQ3b9ANvgL3XlCs96ofv8MJc0GYWyw+fGATKpHE+yicaM/ZuSjH1gTFgBAQu9tnG8fTJ+XuMUbMPZ2EffTA/CY2XskgfOAf7INswDsbF4T4x86WjhnfGs5nZHs+Y8IPRUmpxLIERHXA8srqYWT5dm+J/ttvgZPsmsHEuuEBkkftElPA0AhhlqJUJXgiYVAQEMjDaLPqViMtVYIHsONbXRZSmjEng2W7GgG94wXEYD+cHU3AhMDEWuNlmqyb4Y35NkGCMDn0QcEkGrvyMhw1gq+wj6NLAFQJHN2k4Q336b6U6JIwT+TB0nAiFwKvl15Y8lLSbRERYgLMNo3vP+Y7C6ItjJptIS1QHOIyD/RjfSM0eA/Cnm9IZsPkOz2SCfP1Y5dI/+3EieMEYZqofjIHyCzntPsuLdSrOc2XEGDACDM3dDh9sQyY3SLGNvumvyVQaGDb42n0u7/zPGDjfDB1PdrM8YsiQe7w99kwdS4lKCUn2wXFpodOYhtw4mNUrjk7Fscvsp+TbZ6YuBF6yHoZOXxz7kmiHnAQjdxsZ8b9F6ATZKWWtE9igS3YG7xdEjAMm8IYz2mqCPt3Aiq3YBtb58EV++qGSIWsydlLEufDSIeocxG2eL+V0SJRAlgKsQeMKeIQBcNI7ztQmsDfqExrSdDxKahah+Dd17F+PICjGQXlBqbVABC9EYEoJnJro52YTnBReAdLllWMwYvYxB6JcpAyGd0o65hnWSFAoxk7wwJBsSYwBIBfGTRnzDXMOUZ1GWbPN/M8H44MZ/biZEx7hhb4JCLZxDMfmluGUaGBAdqBEJZvAH5nC8k7kp9kAQsBi7nm3COwuErGtRbRFZJ0MYyZbIcNcEWUwAZESkhIT/VoDp38w4BwcjcwYBmDpkRJ4oEnPzfrC3JypBXzgSJTVob0Yh4VXSnwWZIa1Ge1Hl8xTCfQ4FNURNkAQ5RNHIujYNhzuYI3+wd7qlHOwMXChrw7zmdQn9gDfjOdmYGeowYPm3VGCjWQoGINxN6IzFMLfJfqKCFAfEhWKJijERrojKMaWLcPwDRhPizCEJSIUjBMCKgqhXIQ/24j+8AqYLq+MybE4E47cLMIhKRN/KSJyW6O2PHJ80umb8YjOjHGrCLmbTB+v6xODw7htw3jADENweUQWDIht/G+b5Z1Pt0SixIOnm0XMU3EyDIQKY40IQ02aTjByWzLyP87AvI1AiPOC5RsO5gTRn4rAB3kIVgRXsIM/ZHazGXM/9Hyh6A4RwQVeyCpuI+Ax7hUighLB534RvNNsWf64/kefhQwePsCdY24SEQgILmxHphdFr4hwbhq8gzt24OLOdnAn8yGXbZz3pIhS9VoRPBIE4OsNEVVcq8jah3Pqp/+WM0NahQNIrrMBLNG6SZQ7l8nHOEA8JsIBiPxudhtyvAynV05LOYKR7hTNEGE8RHiUDPAoxTYc4u9FgE9UtY3s9XfmHM6HZ1tGYfDMB20ZhzP8TNTKdlFokNqfNfMQGwgwQgIDjguPXKpIOmPC78NmnK3OdrLoD0XokDFsw9D/QYTBMH8KG/NmjctYOA/ZC2MHD+bZ9Muc2GY8zn1WRKDBidEZWYGMAN5bnLksfXP8NvWPTJSdZH4cmvMIMOBIRrWNshP9gflMEQETJ81tjP9zEZkH44YXnBc+rM7ZTlApmH3Qi/jD7uCRsShvm0QEPLAHB3RqGzp7RITcrm3geP8kosoakIn1BPUPHzhch4jKg6qA74xLBs5NRM5wJ/4tm0OKYYzNrdFdZjAEyikMBIUWjCLqi4iFM4666RyAx7lcB8t7vo4FdBspB47R9lGdzwlmZY/ICA1qOKU2YAQQkXPYpmMxHrJvbh8YDJS7HYeBhjSMRhtbDRUaE32MeFyesdGdnQcW6n+0fGDII867CuHn7jO4gye2U9B+dCwBhcohF19bbeXDl0qFYAedVCubQxbijgir6MJEmEiYWwqclGD+JI9ANSJQEQ4JcJSV+oB88wjULAIV45A1qwEvuEfAQcA7pDcHj0AFIeAdsoKU4VnxCPw/K6i3bxtA2Q4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Question 5.Write structures of the following compounds:
1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene.
Answer:From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is benzene with bromine group attached at 1st carbon, secondary butyl group attached at 4th carbon and a methyl group attached at 2nd carbon. Hence, the structure is a follows : -
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQMAAAEcCAYAAADDUdGFAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAEqrSURBVHhe7d0JvGZVdSb8qqJUxKlUNM6W86ylOGu0NM5T0GgmTdJRk3Qnnfh1p/Ply9DxI92ddKc76f4ydZJO4hCnRKOIOIOCoIhMhYCACJSIoCJyEUTEoup7/q9737x1696qe+sO73DX/t31O+ees8/eaz97rWevvc95z9l81FFHbahUCBQChcDmgqAQKAQKAQgUGZQdFAKFwACBIoMyhEKgECgyKBsoBAqBf0GgIoMRWsNXjznmsM2bN9//pl27Hr5pw4Y7RqTrd2/efNo9X/SiL45Qtap6HSJQZDDaTj981+7d2zbt2XNE1LjFng0bbtizcePNG3bvPiREcfNzzjjj0vOPOmo3Fc8999xDXvXud+/p/49W7ap9GhEoMhhhrwb8Lbs2bLjV7o0bL0xUcP6ezZuv3LVr19Zb7t79uF2bNm0/7ogjvv2cN77x6pMf/vDD7x6yePdznjPzyA0bvjNClavqKUagyGCUnbt58yG7d+26RYhg44bNm78fYti4adOmQxMt3EStbB8dQrhTzh++e9Omy+94zTWn53CRwSj7bIrrLjIYbed+3/Rgw549987U4FaJCL6TOcG94/jf2rx793VZO3jAxt2775/IYVeOf/WwQw+9ebTqVu3TjECRwRj07saNG3fv2Z2/DRu+G3Wu3bxnz+HZv0P2v7ln06YLN+zadVkihs9vuOqqmTFQt1SYUgSKDEbYsZkWbN60efN39+za9aV0xLmRnbs2bz4s04Nf3rhnz+Nv3r37uA2bNl2y6eabv3LPI4+8aoSqVtXrAIEigxF2csDfmAXDw6LCYTft3n3PLBru2rxr18YNGzcekmM3Z61gcyKEwzbc4haHXf32t9/izq9+tWlFpUJgVRAoMlgVWBdXaIjguxn5D8l6waM2bdz48KwdXJtFgU1ZJ/hmVhKP3Zhpw+5MHxJB1FrB4iCtXMtAoMhgGeCtwKVXbt606YRMCy7NIuEtQwyigY0hh5232rDh62475v89mw499Jqnn3HGzeevQIVVRCGwEAJFBiO0jXu+7GXXpvqzmuxXk/Of97wRalpVrwcEigzWQy9XGwuBRSBQZLAIkNYqy++98Y0b3/DgB9/y1rt2bb5j1gl+85JLvvf7Rx2Vp5QrFQKrj0CRwepjvOgafumII26bzA+5MXcWrtu06ev/zxFHnJ1bDZ49qFQIrDoCRQarDvHiKzj00ENvf+NNNz05i4aPz1OIOzbc8pZ+uVhksHgIK+cyECgyWAZ4K37pjTd6ruB2uaV459xevN01N964yUMIlQqBtUCgyGAtUF58HX6u/L3IDbnN+L1D84zB4i+tnIXA8hAoMlgefnV1ITA1CBQZTE1XVkMKgeUhUGSwPPzq6kJgahAoMpiarqyGFALLQ6DIYHn41dWFwNQgUGQwNV1ZDSkElodAkcHy8KurC4GpQaDIYGq6shpSCCwPgSKD5eFXVxcCU4NAkcGYdWXeibjhkN278wBifqGQbaVCYK0QKDJYK6SXWA8aaJ9bW+KVlb0QODgEigwODrdVueoL11yzYRAL7MlPEiKbDjtsww+vSk1VaCGwLwJFBmNkFWdcccUGHXLzxo3hgj0bDs1+kcEYddCUq1JkMEYdnJ8sj5E2pcp6Q6DIYL31eLW3EFgAgSKDMo1CoBAYIFBkUIZQCBQCRQZlA4VAIfAvCFRkUNZQCBQCFRmUDYwfAm/MtyOileetbPccddRR9Z3JNeqmigzWCOiq5sAIhAh8N+JRkUdH7H8tx3xikvgC9d0jt47MhCS+ocScv2c7fnmOfe3AtVSOhRAoMhgv2/A2ZA8hGg3X1Q8T4tSesXp85EmR20VuGcmHpTbcq0UJX832AZE7RC6ODMggCRk8OfLpSJHBMuy5yGAZ4K3CpchAeHxI266LEDlEwPE5+lNb29+RrY/SPizyrMj9IzdF7tTkmlzTf7pxeI7dOyKSqLQMBIoMlgHeKlyar7APRkXhMOP2DYX1kDj54yKiA1+lPj8h/544/HXZv6ERAzK4ReQeEeThcU3HHhG5Wzu2HrBatTYWGawatEsrOIYv/H1a5JkR4bKo4Iwc/2yfHy+txInKbTrwoAjnvyAiMtqVdn87289oSXC4czYiJzj50NT1TUQFt4mIqCotA4Eig2WAtxKXxsiNdgx9e+QVzSkslgmbXx+5R/J8PNuvxDmMhNOYODlBAmxyr/WStN9xUYM8IgJEcHXkOxHTibu0cwNs2hTCNRJSqS9TLcJqigwWAdJqZYnR3j5lPz/ygsgjm4G/OdtLI6YKj438q4ho4f3J/9EY9jWrpc8IyxUBXNLafLe08Zzm1PAxfbA+gCBtvx65PGI6YVolMkCmg/WVRgSmDfdp7bHYeNUI2zYxVRcZjKCrYrDmvQ+PPCXyhOYEV2R7DIkzXJU81g6eHXllxELaqyMPzvFTsjWn5hATmVrIb03kG2mHr0wjuNMiiPFpLVqyVsCh4XReZGfEaI8Ursp18OL8IoThd8GYLsDOwqL9G5LnxuQ3Bam0HwSKDNbQPGKU7pHfrxm9aMAquTny30Y+GXGvnBNsYLzJ/5Hsnh1BCi+N/GTEusLH2tTBqHfDpITBrf1uFWqD6dGHIl9FCDnn8/P97gFsOH1fG7gw+6KlfstxeLpkkfVbkf77b1MCU4edEZEFUkA4RQYMaz+pyOAAAK3U6fZwzHNS3ksi1gPcJ3cL7aTIOXEI4e9eKccY+s5cK2Jg3O6nPzGCFJR1XMS5i1ZKz9UqJ20Qur8w8rwIQjg50uf1yG+XxdKGS18f4NimEMjAOsGOCELl7D2JGr4ZGUQKKWd3yjEtYNsiMFOIaZxarXhXFRmsOKR7FxjDFOr2h2mEvFbOz418MGINYOZAKiQPY/9Eyjo12x+JcCpP6f1o5H45/qlsT0m+rxyorLU+30jQvN9Lm/qThaKAMyJ7jdbR34NFZKE0cPjh1J46nH3YKPW57YgEEK4Hkth43WlYRMcXGSwCpIPJ0hYHH5xrhfgviljxtuj1do4buXKhuwPt2lsljymAFfNBsp9zH86up+0QjPUEToZk7t2mDl/O/nVGyIPReyWuiR6cz5rA1shzIy+OcMwdkX+IIC+R0WrcHUEGD2z1wa6mCIvs1CKDRQK1lGxxBsb48uYIIgEj2seaE5gSDIe5exWda4XOPxYxJTid8w8vFmbfXPrqHD+hOdSZ2SKEn2j1cTRTB9HHqNJDU7HFQFOCu0YQlPUBzwxcsMp3REytTCvUaR0BXrVesAhLKDJYBEiLyRLnhKXbg0dEjNpGa0kUcHzk5DiBle/FJITAoZTx6Dbin9HC6MH1bT3hrJwzZ7aQaC3Cj3ysJdw/x0/P1rTi88m7Jo81NxJ8eup0l8TiqEXCz0UQwSf64uhiADjYPI0sx266dLDtWcvrigyWiXYjAYtUSMCKvxFdqCqUf19zBr+yW5RDytemAjQTIbws4pHbD+X4Jzj+cGRhqpHjFhLdmqODKcn2iGcUkMmxOW96co1FumU2d5/LU7Z7/1taXdYzRAOmCKKA90eQkroX1f6V1q/KWzwCRQaLx2o+RzA3FgUcGTEiWwUXtrtDYFS+yG2zpVYhAoiTcSThrjWHZ0R+vtXxgZz7UPK41TZIbX3gmhxXrwU4xGDqYOEOKTh+dM6flrwr/TQewvHkJD2138+N3Smgw0G1f6l4Vf6VQaDI4CBwbAt8Rms/txUJ3DdiXvrRiLsEpy53JMz1bo95+MhzCF+K+PWeqcOrIo/McQ7nDoIn9wapTR0Gv//PeVuLd4jEE4yebzilXWfqcNBRQlvXeEzKc5uTWCOxGOhZCe33e4qDLr+3p7Zri0CRwcHhbVHMgzHm6cJk4fsgJF7peTFSiPO9M2VbgOTYpg4e2nGnYmvOnZgtwrh6eNTP/o6cs4h4QuTHI8jEj4E47nE552Gm/gTgolDINaY/7oqIOLQfEYiOTIl6+z0XUGkCESgyOLhO4xTCfwuDFvAsEl7aFq8OrsT9XNWmAUgBIYgErA0gBOsJ25seR2eLFGaT0TnXmLZ46MYc3uKeaY33BlhHMHU4KfkO6MAtGuD8yAgpGfm1GxHsiOxskcmKt78KXBsE1g0ZxJj9zNXjqUbyb8dwB7ebctz9b4+9XpFjg3v6OfZD2Xg01jnhr9VpC3f9By8eAkIEgx/YrBYJzDWBpvNZ0e8LOWfq4PYdYhgsMua424qfTj7nB6lNV+T9Us572MeaAjIQWfyC/Rw3vXHdPot8Oed5B3WYavgdhajIrVLrEB6aEmFUmgIE1g0ZpK/u1BzAbTtO0e89c3q/fLMi76Eexs5ZzIndJRAByCPs5mzXxgE8MENGktoIfEIb9elqHUGk8BDSnNsUwTRg1sGzf17OWZQ0r7fq72Egz0NY87hzmzp8zVSnkSdSRATWHqyPwAJxuEti3WFkDzaNBPgpr3Q9kYFn2hm3Ng8/1uoYZzisjYLmw8Jhz/szeqvvnMZxD7JYmFuNJ+eWbGrC+0ZQ9LKg2G/tCeNNKd6HMOasJQjvL8zxmWwRBlIw6v/HiEeETR08t2CBVOTh2QUR0LER0YCow7sVVvquxJLbXxesLALriQwghxD8YObGGDynMGUQLt8hAgvPs7tVJmqwGPh5FyWvW2ZIg1OM1WjYFizdPTAVsJ7gFp9ogSP7LcBJOXd88lk7mE353w+jvp5zpkDIRGThjsNrIzdEvE8BPsjPusAJuQZJVJpSBNYTGQiXrXwf3ozc/9rvh0QeW2X4nMFquafmZqOHOIH/xzq1dYsT49x++YcM3EGwYGjd4545bipkfu83ER7ZHaTs9/UEP5cWAb0u4ham42+NvDd5Zm9fjjUIpdyyEFhPZNCBEhEI8zmEfc+u99HeXQLi/4l8Yo6jx/HdObgs4jFgtxTN9438jv9zznv4aK+HofK/n0q/N+dND5Dm0ZEPFBEsy78m6uL1RAZGfs4vPLaAaL7M6E0L/JgIAVwZ8fsBi43uMAx+Bx8n2ZqNkXUm8mVz9XHu5TbyC+kvju47s0UMyMBioPURL1r1fIL1hOt7W7J/ZY6LAvovLE0fKq0TBNYTGWgrQrAeYAGMk3B0twuRgcSBzJURhNdvIQzJ6IogjKzDi49jbyZp5zlph2ch3Anx/oPtEQ9LiYiQxXf6YmD23WkhFgfhJUrqbxAa+7aWgstDYD2RgZGfA0jDj8qaMvjftAAxWDDbFvFbAw/oSEZKq+ge6hnrqGA+c3ALsN82zHkPCllL+FZEZET6nYH+fy/G/5XWCQLriQw4uhV10cHwK8Yc2xkZ3JNvYbXbchbeujMgCwtqHkyayFtq7XkDUc0VaaMfOWnbtUNEMGzyc0lhnbjD+m7muiGDOIORkOyVcrxPBQbH87+nEIXUU5vSRg8eVSoE9kJg3ZBB9XshUAjsH4F1TwbtgSKLg7cTOWTU7L8/sLi4JcfuFbFO4P58X3MouyoEpg6BdU8G6VEOb6Hw/hEPF82SQSMCK/But1lHWOxry6bOUKpB049AkcEPyMDz99siXrnt9mFPHkH23L48pyZSEDlM5ALi9JtytXC5CBQZ/OB+uimCZw38BmE4uc/uuPOF1XKtra4fawTKwH/w5KFnDTxcM/dVXZ49cNz5sfqB0lhbVSk3kQgUGUxkt5XShcDKI1BksPKYVomFwEQiUGQwkd1WShcCK49AkcHKY1olFgITiUCRwUR2WyldCKw8AkUGK49plVgITCQCRQYT2W2ldCGw8ggUGaw8plViITCRCBQZTGS3ldKFwMojUGSw8phWiYXARCJQZDCR3VZKFwIrj0CRwcpjWiUWAhOJQJHBD7ptf+/8W2/vA+ztrZehTqRLH7zSRQb/gt18Tr9eHaOI4OB9amKvLDL4Qdd5Ycl8Ly3px/18eb281EQ7tbd+sj2xbn1wihcZbNhwfaDzhSWj4dwPpHjNmVehOX/DOnjLESLwijcfUvE6+Xrn48H51UReVWTwA6P3fsOTIzNzetErxf884ruE6+H9h6KBT0Z8vBUW9TWliXTrg1N63ZNB+y7hN+aDr32HUOSwLlKLfIZfCLsu2l2N/AEC654MyhAKgUKgyKBsoBAoBIYQWDeRQV5z3t+A7FuLMwmJB+sDOe4T5c751LovNDvmO4uPidwn8r3IzsgFPlk+zdaTdt+jtRsm2u2T7F9Iu7/W8Ltz/vfSWK+MvyHHbpF935uw8Lgzx7w4ttKEIrBuyCD945XnD41YKfc15ZnWZ45xel9Nuq45hK8U+yz77SMW0bZGDs+5T2R7ja8aT1J/R++7RV+izT5H763Pe6XW7h8eardF0/tF7pBzviWxJfLAiG9RnhO5IQLLIyLIwEJskcEkGcYcXdcTGfgmgk+r+xbC8C1EH0rxCbVbx+gPa8b9uGbwVtWlIyOPiFwUET1MjNGnTQ9u+nN0ZPZXEY4+m5LnDq3dHPvcCOfn4NqNFC9vuMHvNk3cXblV5N4RtyDXky0Nwzc1++utAxGCKcBNcQCjuykDZzFNEPI+ICJSYOhnZQT1GXbTho9nc9eIrzhPRFQQnY3i2yPPjTwock1r115RQfJ5vgIG2q19Zw61+7j8b2oAD1MIkZIIwxThttkiB9MEX6KqNOEIrCcy4ASc30dWOYDRXftFBUZKx5AB4z8lMrs+EOc4exL6uTm2kdrn4p4ReUpr73nZvj9y/ALzeu3m2CKCedvdPkIrErh7RCQASwSBJNfDMxiTYALL0nE9kQGgjOoWxsx7hfvajwj6aMnAHZu4Z/PjrKY/j4y8NPKiiFEcCbwl4oGqK/oC6TwWs992p2znCfysoXj2An628JyIaGlZnrIOLl5PZMCYrYRb6LKAaG7M6R8WObwZtLUED92IDsyNhc2mCcJsK+z+vzhOde042Ub0e2z0eXHEwqcR3kNUH4p8OvK56GtxdN7kQaNc/9XWPu0W/g9G+jbVEGlweguwtsgTdh5blm9bOzZOkJQuB4HAeiIDawJWv0UFRkmLYgyegwt1JQZuTszAn5VzX8gWYQi5rSucqIwcV86G+VblD6IPDvqS6LE1F7sF+vyIKQHCOy3ynsin3P6bW3iucYfAGoGRHSlaS7AwytmRinZzdkm7rbOcHum2ggjdkbgy+XqEJe/ERVMHDfyUXrieyEBUIMQ1JRheRBPmGu2c/2ZzEE5hlOVoEkf5fETYbZTdErlbnIFjfD2OsaY/6Em95u4iGlOC50TcDeCwooEzmk57/a4g1yBDEc6PR54XsQ7yN5FBG4ba/dTsW3Po7VYeUhQ9ufMy/BFadxwQDjzXy686GzTTt1lPZMDgjZpGT07fU/9VIqfeHafxoM0HIyKEPtohCg/VDH7D0O7J/1R2LT6emv+PzTnXrXpKXdYFRAJuFW6hV+TMiMW/s+dbIGy3FxHAj0S2RkRDRn/t2d2mCr3dHB5GknaLlkyfRBIIBvHNtPOI1J0WawaihEoTjMC6IYM2z99nrp/jfp48m/K/KAFB7C9xCI6BMMzV7x6Hcw1nXHFSSNn6yai+LfLkiKjASO85iPdFTl/gQSLzfc8ObI+Idm4tb+TDEdOIWVJcRLthtxd+jXh2HACrOj0hCKwbMljh/jBa/u/ICZGXRdzLN2f/UBxXqL4zcqMRdzn1trUJDsyRX9Kc2iisXj+7NnW5di4R5DqLnw+JPLtdJ8RHAsdGEMjVzfmXo15dO2UIFBkcRIe2EdFdh6vauoHogsMKw5HCqRFTDXPtg0rtdt7TcrF1gW0RJGD+rmzb8+YjmzaNeHnOW/xDChZK6eL2oshln0XFg1KwLpo6BIoMltmlcS4LcWfHCTnskZEnNEe8a44ZjZ3/ovWIxVSVa6xTPDpiTUBZpgfC8xMix6Sc8+crJ9d5cEj+7RHEZFEPaRwTMSUwv69UCCyIQJHByhmHH+9cGhGeW6zjlObrJ0U+3G5TXr8IUrB459qfi7jtx5k/Grk4MvhVZU8tevBcgEeCRRAviLgFqs73Rkwj/EJzTe92rBykVdJaIlBksEJot3m7EfxzcVJOzHkfH3GbblvEKH10c9D91WqdwbTjXa2MM1L2zgUuQDbWLExN3G703IBoxJ2Fc+dbVFyh5lYxU4hAkcEqdGqc0EM8F4UUzsrW4qKQn8PeJcd2ZGvq8Pn5bgPmODIwsp843/y+TSPcTXhSK/eB2ZqCfCpyNDJY7sLlKkBSRU4AAkUGq9tJXqjqVuMJEbcgre4/MWIR8Ng4tucDvj1MCs2RPfa7V2oPDZkCiDT6NESeT0TcKjQlWA9vcF7dHlvHpRcZrGLnN8f23MI57dFdDosMOPSvR9xtOCbnPr1AlDDQrq0NuO7IiKmBxUDPNbhNiFC+VNHAKnbkOim6yGCNOjrO6tmES1o08MLsPzNisfE1kce1Ow/eoTD7o6Ic80tEdxY8aOROwdbITOTEyEeS96BvXa5Rs6uaCUKgyGCNOysO7H2Cb0u1x0dMG/zc+JXN6U0djPjuGnjYCBG4Q4AITB1MBzwzcFHK2eu3B2vcjKpuChEoMhhBp7ZbfZe1pxXdjuTsFgRfF7Hg6DFhTw16dgAxIAG/qzg/1674484jgKCqHEMEigxG2ClxbD8U+kZIwY+GvtKiANOH/k4CtwktEH4seT1JWKkQWDUEigxWDdrFFxxHvzqE8O5cYV3Ba9m8pxFB/GHEK9qHf3K9+IIrZyGwBASKDJYA1mpm9WRiCMHovyPi/QkeO76siGA1Ua+yhxEoMhgve/Aosh9A7Yx450D1z3j1z1RrU8Y2Xt2LDLynwC1FfdNfMjJeWpY2U4lAkcH4datfLXYZP+1Ko6lFoMhgaru2GlYILA2BIoOl4VW5C4GpRaDIYGq7thpWCCwNgSKDpeFVuQuBqUWgyGBqu7YaVggsDYEig6XhVbkLgalFoMhgaru2GlYILA2BIoOl4VW5C4GpRaDIYGq7thpWCCwNgSKDpeFVuQuBqUWgyGBqu7YaVggsDYEig6XhVbkLgalFoMhgaru2GlYILA2BIoOl4VW5C4GpRaDIYGq7thpWCCwNgSKDpeFVuQuBqUWgyGBqu7YaVggsDYEig6XhVbkLgalFoMhgaru2GlYILA2BIoOl4VW5C4GpRaDIYPy61huRD4nUm5HHr2+mWqMig/HqXm9FHiYD/1cqBNYEgSKDNYF50ZXclJxfi1zctrsWfWVlLASWiUCRwTIBXOHLr095Z0e+HvFlpfrs+goDXMUtjECRwXhZxw1R54sRn2kXFYgUKhUCa4JAkcGawLy4Snx8NTm/22RxF1WuQmCFEJhIMsjXiulNOM+u9gVji22HNlxuzLE9+8MoZRyW83do5Xw/WyH6Dc0hVwjexRcTfeh/m8jtIu4miAq+03Tab1sWX8vScjadbjuk0/caTt89EL5Lq2nxuaOTBdauk31Tqeujz3ebvr5V6Ti7GKy55PitOqb92OJrXD85J44MmjHcLV101wjj/Erk2xEd/vjIzZGzIkbYeVPK8MnzIyJPjNwp8o2IT6CfFrGAN4p0eCp9QtPr9k2P87I9I2L9YBTph1LpkyKPjSDPKyLnRM6MXDMKhVLnPSJPjjwm4gO1l0fOSp/qc2lrhC3oR/pKD4rcPXJu5MoR6T321U4cGQRRrH+XyIMjM63TAW1kfUQEGXCieckgRmP0ZUyIwxz9qxEj8dMjm3P+E9l+ey1HvtTJ+Z8a2abuyHURUc4ztTfnT4o+jq1ZaoT5jFT48AjHJ0bkZ1Ei5z8bnUQua5ZSp37fHnlgBIHrc8T+7Ijo7urI/SLIQN92MrhX9pEHIigyWKDHJpEMGIDOZgS3jtwtRiJCuHNEp3OaeR/YST4jyUMiogKh93siRpatkZdHhOhGwG+3CKRPR1b6fr+6hbE3pR5teFjE6MuA3xkRCTj24gii0N7r1lAnhPmoyKMj34y8peFKx+dGTK/o9J1V1qlPA7/fCJNDI/wvR94cMZVCooh8S/ufbuTqXIPopXtGRDl0rrQAApNIBhyJkTBYnSwSYAjCR6OCe/QLJUayLaLdp0e+Foe8OUZj9f7draxrRAU5hhju3cplROpZiSQKMc/9eupw5wCpMXJtEupe1XS6MPvWMRg8ckJI9KeTaRJiWwmd+oNOIqkrUg/8TFkQgWM7os+MhuecMNvoO5inNzCQ532aXubrK6UTvdR/eeq9pLUZQdHl7Og0uO3apgecXpQCHzoYFGyVwV4Qq+lgPdXZOm2+zSSTAafS+RxDaG0rjN1fhwu9GS7Hu6xtN7RFQ6PNcLImYdQxpVCP6GMlEie+NsLxORZnQmoM3/rHIAqJTsLenb3CRgbaKHS3tuC6lbj1qD6OYxrwuYhIAI7IVSj+ldR9CIJqDog4B6npxMmeEjGlodNK4EQntkmXUyIiJeRs3g8TpLVJv7WpykCnHHNNX4g1pZAfOdER7isd4XUopmI7iWSgQwlHYCScmBPp9G9FONEgNeNAAAzBSIIEEAfDIv7veYXjPZ9wvY8q/X7/Sjme+pRpxEJo9DW1EX3cdni1O/r3kQ5R9AeQXOca+qyUTr3MrlO/awAPOs2O9tFpS9O769RxWmmdBlOE1j09mhKNwOmwftenTVPg1CMnuiI2C4g7G872kfugv9s1yjFFk9/diJWIaJq6k7mZVDLoxjET2IWuOt0oYuWb0zBqyQhnscl80dpAv2vwyOzfN+IOwrfawpQRF3FYLReiCz0/FDkp0m9jrkQvM9qBAUZ6ZKA+C3Vbo8uFFguzFS08LSL/5yNfiohm3h85PiIC6u1crl7q4Hh04kichk6wo9MF0el72W7N/6IlJHR2RPjuackPRz4T0S+zBLtMpejUiVIkhZhMq0R29204qcudAmtACBVBOcb5L4joSxjBVt923URCplumldryhdaOZao82ZdPIhlAXGfSXUfOCBWFsq2zh8NBx+RlEEZ+xo48hJBuK94l1zE0i48Mn4GLHISfRkcRwqqm1I8Y3KpjnBbCfijHzH9NCRCW0J3ePSRe9RX8hgmdON6z6JJj8DAXN31AkPTY06YOq75Kn/pFfV0ni5j3bNhxaJEBgtR3SFS6rt+BST4DBHthDxKiYSeSrfZ5NoUtrNs0iWTAsWciRnoGOfxjnp35H0H0Y5zZNIIzmT8KFY2yIgJGxLg5HRyMJmfFIJSxZqmtDXw1xkgnOiIABIHERCd0Mg1as9SiADiIDhDnA4Z0gied+m27NdEL6QQjawOiA2sAbi0b6eHkOCIXHSAGi8vDRG46eVEEWUgiDgSG4PQ/3F1bZLAmvblylXAUITMysN+fJ0AMx0SQRTeEPvc1wvUVeCOB6IAxCB17MnoI20eVPPBkJb+PWNoxMp3aHZWTo4NnNjicRCd4m5KteUKcIYQTUvGOSB/IEIL+phN7ODXSp5Fdx89mB1l0Z+9rR4iu33IctoU1b9s4VDhxkQEjbQbZSWCAY1sAmmukGN9zBUJbowVjsAo9uGU1Dh3QdYhOopd+u24sVItORtI+mo6LTjNRhCyU9tF3nnZYSxJZ3D9yx8jwOtNYtHMUSkwcGSwRJKvFWyJCQAtd/R75Eoup7FOGgEjHOpFkUVZUuT+CmbLmz9+caScDo7+Fp36bShi5EvfB14VxTHEjRQ8WZt2RsX7APta9XUw1GbSV7n5/fixtO3NgawSHR0xjTBM8gbgrx41cFhO/mf+NXmuWUrf5s/m0rajqG+7r57gFWHc9rlzrBcSVbHx7lmPdRwJzMZ1qMlhJA1rFsjjc1oiFLHcNPAshIQP39N0DX1MySH2eJDSftmq/M87jTotER88+eJR7Te8mrCL+VXRDoMhg9KagD9wO42gWNm+dEdjq+JaIuyCjcLphnTwA5Wk94TRyEBm4vVdpyhAoMhh9h/ZHgIXlFjwRgqcAHx3xAM0obnnRiW0gKNMYOpku+KGQOzTIodKUIVBkMPoOtXhFhOZbIla2heVbI56aHMUv7bpO1jHchrOW4U6MNQy/6RiFTqPvqSnXoMhg9B3cf0nnyUkr2u5+iAw8E9F/XLXWWnad6EOvYZ0cs5goD1IY/EZi+AdWa61s1bcyCBQZrAyOyymlOx7n9yzEjkYEogKPTA8/br2cepZybf8RFFIaPBIdsY5hKuMBLoRg+tJ/q3BtyOEivxFZSiWVd7wQKDIYfX9wPA/BeAZCKH5ZnMobkNxVcGwUIXn/gdewTnuik2f8u07WEkwZkJk7H7fM+S9G95nRQ1oaHAwCRQYHg9rKXmN+3hfojLg9UrB6b2Re9V9OztMcDq9ei4Z0QkiOdZ1MX0QsIhm3Qx8Y2RpBYEUGK2sfa1ZakcGaQb1gRUJrv7v3I6XhX2F6tuCfI6P48ZQn9HZE3N1ACP29CX4gRickgCyQhLseIgO/CrS2UGlCESgyGHHHmRJEBb+g3CvlOMcaiXO1Jzf3eb4hx00TiLcFeRrxcZHHR9z9QB61ZjBie1pO9UUGy0FvfV/reYNtEVMHvxa1ftCfSVjfyExo64sMJrTjxkBtkcPHItYPrG3Yzr5/cgz0KxWWiECRwRIBq+w/QGB4ylCYTAcCRQbT0Y/VikJg2QgUGSwbwiqgEJgOBIoMpqMfqxWFwLIRKDJYNoRVQCEwHQgUGUxHP1YrCoFlI1BksGwIq4BCYDoQKDKYjn6sVhQCy0agyGDZEFYBhcB0IFBkMB39WK0oBJaNQJHBsiGsAgqB6UCgyGA6+rFaUQgsG4Eig2VDWAUUAtOBQJHBdPRjtaIQWDYCRQbLhrAKKASmA4Eig+nox2pFIbBsBIoMlg1hFVAITAcCiyIDH8zIyyz6SzH3aXnOD17n7Uu9kwZL+xiI9u1X96GPhmji7v3hMUoMoqfXnBM6LuubC71fU5a+H7y1eZE4sSv5dx0o/2ph1fuV7gfTV8PXNx2156DKWq02rnS5BySDgPLiVHqnbD8w3zvxc9xHQ38m8r3svy15vPZ77FPrbB8peWnEO//fvtBnxnPO+/68DvzBkYdHLmj5F/0a8/aZcx8g+W7q2ecFqMsFLOXry4dFXhjxxuKv5ZjXkp2S+rzheEmpfWxVv/qmw3sjPrj6oBy/UPtT5j5tzzlvSd4e+ZGIz7Kd0nTwJWevWl+VlDro6LuUyOfyVsmLsn1M0/2Cg6j4sbnmBZHjIl7pxg8+Ffn0QZQ1EZcsSAYB2Lf/GP+vRIwMJ0Zm5mmVTmc03oP3lolo9Q+UvGPr4N9qun80233eCBwcvOTzmREk4CtCr4l8PvKOJbbVtS+LXBI5ZonXLib7I5PppyOM2NeSH9S2Pn5y3EGMjmzjVRH9e3zEdxePiCAcr0s/e1ip1CEfYuU0iMNr1n24lR3BasUJcKh+kSnnZ4PvbMefne0rI6dGDoYM4PlLEd+C8Or4X4h4W/X6I4M0mrMA+MmRc4c7fp594ajQ9I4xCsBh6MHLMYfCVv/2z3Z5Pbh9jiZ9v4e0bYTr+Rik8F1ZwjQjQM8/O9K0OpQlj7L2+2LO5uC+KPykiFd+9y8F7dW0Fj342OjTI0bCD0W2RRi6aIluN7fXnfe2Dj44Ijxu12sDbDjRT0ROb6MlDCRtcp7uyrvJKJo8ynHcdvbDKvsZYR+RfIjASCYieELktZHnRDjzXtO8hnMP5WfPDR3vH06hv5HxjAgnPzJyqQihvVK9NWPwWfntEbbwexERIgdCEJ+J7EUGQ9i4nh7a6lqiTjKLba+k9V23i/6Blwfk/I9Frsj5o7N1nA1o121aVGYftshR23r5w3bUMe8fnnXOdV0ObWVRh50tZIPqGUzRhuy/f5vS9I1+zqnPF60HU5Ams+W2iId9OPe9PuVqfQQvSRmz/jaEk3LloeOg3f3cQtv9TRO8A5+TXN8u7gY5tyyNloehYFLf49sZhf8pCvjazvbISyJYm+JC1k9GtkYYCiU/nvxGSw6Hzb2P3wgqjFcvY3YtpxSKfiz5P8QYszViGQUQF4M8Kcc+mHM+QrJQeka7xkdBGHnvqLn5jWxPiSCaUyLnRxj10yKvjyBMBqit9BUe0/F9Ed8ndJ5DIh74cND7ROD1lxFt0l5hvXbA6LMp7/3ZGt1FIY4zTiMvnD6auub7PsF5Of/3kc/l/MXJx4E5oynOfOm5OciJ9IVrGefh2Zhm6FMj4EzENx855fU5vyP7CMeU6Yj8r65OvNpE7+tz7OOtPGUhXLrPTfpW+xgrm0CWBh1Rl/Jd9/XU8Y8p7wutvK3ZHhnRJ1+OvCcCY3b31Ahc/jDy5xH9pF/ZhgFNH5ruICZTCjap/I+1tsmrf54YMR1AZsqjH7u01e/sj50dn2tFXDc0G0S6oiIDxSdz7L05N5N9OLNN+LjuO81eTs/+/SO/GmFncCSi6xOT527ZIjj25FX0/EP/s4efjSB/5bv2/FbmYIqUffZ2ZIRdiYqOzrGzOpnIM19akAw0JAUwFKOZEJfhzpc6i2roQyMM6iGRa3K9zuLY/yby2YiOBubzI0ZcoVgf8a/O/uci2yM/FXGtOgHGoIVr92plq4Nx6lihq47dFsGGdDUqH5M2zB2NnGcIOl0HvytCb4DPt9axNcdNEYDMQHSWMhi3KRRD1Ck+PCo8pcPrIpyrkwGDpzdiZFzYGgaw13ZhtPJ0MqLgCEhKPYjEKMJJnEO02obs9op+8v+OnCOMwWiizIsjPog63+Ko8rZHECqcGKu2ILRLI0iyj659FNIGxIzAnppyZ0Pm7F+bY0hwkFLm7bLh5Pp8ph8f2iJHWCFAZSIHghQMEGxI3yoLyekfjsWetkS0iaNrq+gO+UlswzG6IwB2BkP9deuUJdR3LUfh4Aauc7LVJz8ceXzk7AhC7CO/LQzYjoiOTcL36lwrL+KiCzuVz//fyLkT2/6/zva0CIwH+uUcvNiA/03pODXbRTIGAuTCTtmY48/OcdNY1/1oxIDGP7dEYPV9xJktMuJfprVsW9lwg4e+WDDtLzJwESNROYMdRAbN0Pr/QFYGp/VVHQ6MxX4ygg13RIA6Ezkp8hcRnfJrEYYinHQt5z8ygu2V+e0IYvhI5BURI9wnIn8WQTjAdZzRPi8CyP8R0dGAQg7nRVcEQ1eJMQEeuTG64yI6FtADkkh+uvfEcXUKoM+PfLWVBWwRk1EQSbwqAvwzWx3012apO7y8mP13IhdF3hjpdf1N9nUawz0ygvWN2OqjsxFEFKFTkSr9T46uyMw1HOeGOeTAATgVAzwjeRkoHHrY6Fr6Ml6EjLxEUkZQBsvJ9UGfxg36vh0z0ogWHptyt2Y7ExGGKnOQchxGDBkWx0a+mmNwJlLPCycG/o52/LeypYOR/d0RayD6k8N9PcKmLoy8KYLM+rn/lP3fjtD9NyOwNapyAO0UqVgM1FcI7a/aMU6iPseQA7uAmT4SfXQSRC505UxvjrBhuiEAdk8vWBrV2fXLIghzZwSR0McUk/PKy3Zd9z8j/yEiqjHosBe2xsZfHuEPb42IEpSnXITLbhH9myP8k3+wCwMQUqOXweuUyGMi2s6WlkUGc9kx5Q3Y+tcjjOuDEUDrdCP3J2MUIgIMC2TOBIwZiuacFW6Gz1hPz/8fzv8MTcMBYDRRJyc+M+e/nPMcfsDCEZHAJZGfjwDfaGokBeKHW7iHlQHrnA79vyOS0UW4yQCEUZyF42FQAP7nCAeQgP3HbX+gk9E1uhhROAhdPpVjpgiMfnsE0cDBCNVHbfntIw1OxFiv6hFLcxB46DAEgO2N/j3pQMbBORmodm+JGC0QqE5WJl2RJ0dEbNqnPMbHGRjTb0QQys7IH0VgYaRDrI7TE16IgUP0kVWxg2Te2QjWvyIIRCaf8PUvhghJJCTcnol8NAIvDgBvibPDmujfQQibMuBH/7Pz/1n5X99wni0RTqZdRmVOKxpgY5wCtur6dq5Dop2QBlFVjpl6sYefi7A99Rq1tUH/GWi2tXOICfH0QU5x9tnx+Snr1JSFOPXF1giC096nRZAgPEQX9FWn/0U/7P0zuXZL9uFwz/zPzq7MsT64/nP+/2JEpEofPqFs/a1vZpourmNT+tcAyPnl5yfsVZv4nmNbI/TRr/tNB4oMMKORWzICSX2U0QCO0UcN53s42vPK7zwH745GYUw7yNMMrOeTV306kQFJ8mr8tc1gNF5ZnE4Zw/XL3+u21b4eGShHB53arvW/czpTnTpyeEQfxqZjMFxXDyGH29rr4+CSLbzUsaVtexnOb4/oSOXrRKGz89rb63QrkqPAQ7udkzgN/WF+SM6rmwEgOXV9NvIZBtcIWPvkt92U4+auHBGOnMy1RvzLhfytvD4ytioHG3rRsbeVsdNlY3O4rU0HI/4ZBgAX5VzH2789YoLddUPTGGWLyDiPZOv/4X7p7RCdHRMxGnI6uiPGnpSlj4ycvSznLeDBTIhPR4MHEoabui5teGv7cF8pY9i27HeRDwb0YJ8GLdgiFfqqj+11PezD3znkhPSQ2Impe1fDHl6SPoODCEt0rb/YE9xnmq4z2RdtqUe74ats+RCXCIM97DcdiAxcLA/Fet4zsv/6CACA19mI4T81DdFJwnZgaASQSL+e0s5Z5X1mtt1ZjPjOyau+boi2w/X3/+UDiOt05LNSnnBM3aY3QDPCvVojkjiSkfa/RZBY7+w/yf7jIr8b6WGUTp5RZtOpdwygnRuMSm2EMLoCmxFsicDkMTl3brZCz04MDJPcJecwPYMQHhrdjQjHt7KPzLYbwHztdo5R/23EKMYA6HqPiFHUqCKa+FTE3R31wEP7erjbnY2xnhwRyW2LwJLeEnx637dDg40ICA5GJWXCVb85ZkQ6MsImtAmpbMmWvu+PGIElDsoJEeCwDfb6OhH2/+ltgBABkPdF4K0/2ZtoSh53eER5feAZtqNe1jDBiaZEGT8W0TeimE4edGAnvc851kNSvj41TWBfHI0Nioo521sjRnbnlMMe9b9re730IK4TsQnvERm/Ojzl6xvXXxgRDb47YiDobYWt/OxMmYhSO/mD/x0/OwLrj0Vg36/N7sLpQGTA4TVktjFhIooyrkGK8s4BDagaxtApxxgY15ERjNkdChszDE7wXyOca2cEyzNODWXwXbc+AvX5ayeP3vAPJC9jMFdUB90+rO7oCgQynGaG/4n+wNNOIwLdZlPrGJ172+xzem3nfPeJMCAdQ1fzQeGqTvtIBMmZxsjPOLVBp9DthZE3Rv5XBD4Y/OWtLG33f4/I7M9tN7yNbjPZkkGKfkb3X4zYXh55cgQe70vev86W08xNHIpTI737R/SL6YPUcVZfr4NhPyjC2YTMHLOfQxKviLw2ok8fGpmJcJQ/ann76EhfmLALRtyT/d5+x+gPY6IuoyMS+XcRznZmhM76eGfkRyN/GEHwsO8Di7L6aNnxdMx6DLye28oy8nZ76XZHB32OuB7fynxAtvqOw7FZToeI2T/ndO6DEY6NTGA4bM/+hxFfeXHEVOCxkZ+P/GnEoPTeiKnBGyJwEwEhQaRFJ2V00tQm+mmvAdDAYoB8TEQfnxKhayfJ7O6bDkQGGoYtKd0Zc24pwOPIjIgRusbI//EYwDXpdCz1rggWNS0wWihTA54fATTlT4xotJHKSDvTKuJkRsAd7X+MCmhgAlt4ZVRUHmN1vfN7OXa7dr4NRsfgPfwezkMPeumU50S0k0F+LfKViE7UPrf7GL0V5Hdmy5EIHJRrBHL+6Eg3LvVwRCRjtDHyKWsmAkvbf4owAgmuSEefMfS5CXY7Ijtbnu5kcJo3tSkEsmMwRvfzcqxPzxgdYuOI3Ynvm/1nR7Tf/PcWya8/JPlhclxEnd0RF6pfv8GKQ/fkWo7QjdbIyHY88Qhb+iDMZ0Q4ArtEHnTmPAOibIXBnIPQSYI/PDvZsUX22ftIvi8OTVm+1PRDQuyMrnDv7aGLdS23FpGIQQEZ3anpRU99xR7ZQB9AbekhEphp5xFxHyzpZR2BDcMeUWsnUUe3I3r06RMMEetXcu1luZad+H9bBB4dp+wunA5EBhphVDFyzh1he6kM5c8iyqIgJ/DghBFXMnIDbtaAW2P/Icfe0/JYDR+cT0Peko2O7vVh73Mi3Vnl+//adebTe3KN0YEh9esGx/fb8n85+bam83ztY/SfjhiNGOCpEUaBnHpbdUhvq1J1DAeDmXN0ojsRLYlaXAs3HfU/IxynTyPk70b3+9nvzuZ6o4Y0n65IjSNJyuijxkL9BmsE+vCmz45skV9P6vvLyKDvk5chIi0jPlI8bYgIXGOw+N8R05eug2u1azYiGCpfGCxC6gbt1P9penedOTSC7H1vYND3fxOBIWzkVQaSNvqpU31GZ07a7Y7THzVcX9pkuofQnTsn7RG99dTrRtLq+u1WtvJhy2YHejVSMWob5Ni/NtPLtbDS571NCI4erpUPBnxHmcoe6NCcGv5vagrJrwzX8Dd5um1w/o9Helt3ZJ8Nsiu692tbUfNv9ksGzaGMGAumA+XJeYCQvdICIbwG7mW8rcG90YMFxxS0l06tU7rB7LfBC+gx7zVGiRjMzpxECE+LvCDiYZJBlDNfaiPLQuHYfFhoy0IYzxrnInDuhLOU9j8kmf99xCiGnJHfIA3X10J6ZCjsNLJaGJzbT4ht2Jn2q0eu58B75V9k3yPeYfLt9czX/lmbSNmcaLa+tInj/XTEdA+RCqVn01y7O1DbFrLzXLdXn8/VI+fnI8reBwu1da79z1eHchcse77OOVBksN8OXQ8ndXIMxzRGKC3cEopOS+IgpnamVCekrQuRUo9uRGjCZqP6NKQ+FxeSG7HXdSoyWET3x0k8NGOhSAg4HNYu4uqxzsKpf0+b2sg2r7IirzYvRgqmgH1ePtaN259yIp+06e3JY03ixjZiT2x7VkLxIoNFotjC2mkiAlMBkcF8Ifc+qAzNTxeJ2PhnS5vmW4gdf8VXScMig1UCtootBCYNgSKDSeux0rcQWCUEigxWCdgqthCYNASKDCatx0rfQmCVECgyWCVgq9hCYNIQKDKYtB4rfQuBVUKgyGCVgK1iC4FJQ6DIYNJ6rPQtBFYJgSKDVQK2ii0EJg2BIoNJ67HStxBYJQSKDFYJ2Cq2EJg0BIoMJq3HSt9CYJUQKDJYJWCr2EJg0hAoMpi0Hit9C4FVQqDIYJWArWILgUlDoMhg0nqs9C0EVgmBIoNVAraKLQQmDYEigwnqsfY2Y33mpbDzfaLbSz4HbyRuL4mdoNaVqqNGoMhg1D2wyPpDBFuT9ZWRJ0a8qsxr5j+Y474N8JrIIyLeyuy9/Z/O8XfUe/0WCW5lGyBQZDABhhDHvk/UfEXEl38Oj3gxqde4e7W5D8AcGfGhl/7tCK8+r1QILAmBIoMlwTWyzNtSs6jAp7PeFkEOvxx5VcT3DnwfwJuOfcTEK7/7B1pGpnBVPHkIFBlMRp/5XoPPsL07of9piQh8+uvXIveL+CyXj8z4XNmpOb/f7+lNRnNLy1EgUGQwCtRXts6+aOg17rNfnlrZKqq09YBAkcFk9PJM1PQRl/skKnhktj6A6psHogFb30zs33WcjBaVlmOHQJHB2HXJvAr5+KiPtvoCso+OWkC0RuCYbx5aMHSHoX9sdTJaVVqOFQJFBmPVHfMrk3WAnYkI3Er0Vd2nRqwLHJPjbiHeOfu+cu07iTVNmID+HFcViwzGtWfm6BXHvziO/8c57DPdw1889kHY/xUZPIg0Ic0pNccQgSKDMeyUhVQKIezzie726fRFfS9xgppaqo4AgSKDEYBeVRYC44hAkcE49krpVAiMAIEigxGAXlUWAuOIQJHBOPZK6VQIjACBIoMRgF5VFgLjiECRwTj2SulUCIwAgSKDEYBeVRYC44hAkcE49krpVAiMAIEigxGAXlUWAuOIQJHBOPZK6VQIjACBIoMRgF5VFgLjiECRwTj2SulUCIwAgSKDEYBeVRYC44hAkcE49krpVAiMAIEigxGAXlUWAuOIQJHBOPZK6VQIjACBIoMRgF5VFgLjiECRwTj2SulUCIwAgSKDEYBeVRYC44hAkcE49krpVAiMAIEigxGAXlUWAuOIQJHBOPZK6VQIjACBVSWDvOd/W9rkwx7n55Xe3vU/b0q+B+bEQyOHRQ6JXBk5c9w/Ihq9fdbswZHDIxdGX3qPJEUXH2G9V+Si6OFT7YtOufbQZPY1phv310/DBbbPxG/NsS/lmivmVtbKfEjrV9+D3Bm5IHJte737ovVbSsbUqx23jtycem50bY6xLX30hRzznYklpVzvo7fw9cFbbXlA5NKU5fN2U5NWhQwCnnI5ye9GLo78TmRBMsg5nxb/lYhPi8t3XuRNKef4AO7z4uOaHhXF/l3kYZE3Ro4doaIvTN0/FfmDyIeXqMfDk39L5NTIYr/B8CPJ+/rIn0R85m02pd98+emJkZ+OPLedODPbd0U+HlnNL0UjtidFro2c0er+iWyfGfnNyJLJINc8PfJvWluRzRsifxZ57xJxHuvsq0IGaTHjYigvjrx7EQhgWt8L/LvIVyL3j7w24nPji7l+EVWsbJYWFbwipSIyiQOMMt0llYuwOMNSk284Im/fdFwsGfism2u2zFPZD+XYz0fuHXlHxEdhORSnPD/yhaUquIT82v/jkUsinQzukX02drD2fsdc+6DIHSIiVziLYqcqHSw4BwJBuYzFJ7+Earb7S0KvcyP/OZHA1XE0LP5HkXtmX3i3LdJDWczMaJVp9NEpl0ZOy7U3JP/W7AsLfZD0NpHbRi5q/ztHL9HKWck/+BxZrhFePz6yJeJrx6fn3FULKZz8d885DnTXiNARkc37ncPkRWjI0deT7auToZ7T9FWWdtwpYprxuR7KtlD7sTkm3Pa15R0R0xER1NxkJIT1Y3MdbOCkjovyPyNWzkz+V4Y2K1NkAx/Oc5/Il3P8ndle3859Ofm1b5Da1AABcGij+9WR+T7ppn746ac/NfXItT4Y+7wIzPYig9bHj+n1ZIvYDArfiMAHqdjXL9c0XW6X7RMivkg9ExHV6O9XRl4WuSLlmpacbD8Csye2vtNXyroy/yOuR6sv/8s/SG1qIOL7YkR02tuqH3zX8lHJ86PZsnWRrOkS0nOtvj4i0u36DFOjhjncHacrDNnt13MOLj/cjtOv6+g7mz3aMUiyazZySRuQHpf/YQRzZX45YopNR7rAkn0pX5+4Fpb7pNUiA+AY0SnKARgmEBdKQDTPe2iURwqcC6szJo70XyJ0NUczAn8ogqF/LsIohKB/mWs/le0zIr8R6QaH0ZXF0Rj/I1r+P09+BsRRdOrPRgCHWN6Ucx8JaN+cq3DrAHUwOqMexxAFWT/YK7W8SMYoKaxmkIyK/jpZfuG9unUWkjpM3S0vY//FiFHV9OmDkbflPOOaiyenhKF6nhLZEvlA8v5Ftua8vx05J7KjKSmqEe4iEESEVP9V5PMRWL0uckau/+tsRQvwfn7kBZE/jTDKhfrU9f81ctPQGgSy0vb5iIzT/adWz2XZbosgTH2IpBgzkv7r6AMDjsJx4MrxrJG8NWIEF1EaQPSr8wYCUwOkh4w4jLa+OWW9KVsDgbaem/+F/hxUW+H48shfRWA0cPQkOOvr7REEpq6PtfL0nwjE9Ai+knMGKV/Nfmnk30bgQw8O+3c59w/Z0uNfRzg8n1Hff8g5Nm/a80sRhK4v3tHIVRm/GmEfcGNDfI8vnJQtPbWZfSHUyyNvybkPz7d2sipkYMRNhVh2JqIOTLi/pAOA8N8jWFhnIAUsx3mxP6fjfDoZODr++AiHxew6AOPpdA1HAMdEEBIjBhSAdBhnAZBO2RZh4DvaOVHFj0WA/r7IbEqbdNL2Vh8CMjdXNqfoxjJ8yd3yjw5GCJ+MIB8jmw42+qrnRRF6aR+yQkzyMHBrAByc0do+uR0zWs0MV5R9mNEDmSkPJhxGXseEyhyqJ5jql3+OwNiI9baIfuOwjEo4/JwIku3RDSc1altQQ/L79G0bIQdz82Amz9aIfrJeMN+ohND1P12PiyAto/v2iD5Wp7boM3XD2pQDRu+PwFle7bMuAVc29faI0bBHbvqeyPuT7ZzI4XMR7deX6tNujr6zybZsezvZM5w5H10RGXvkaEhDn8EGiehj514T+bsI0hWZug5JPTXy6gisPh35+wic2Yu8rqeHds9E/jDCjkUd2vjZiH6F8Sci7PNpEYOkaEgfw/GsyFsibJu90R9Oe6VVIYNWgwqFLpJRjWFsywYAkvDotLkKtf+N/oxDw13LkD6V/O9qo60GIYM35NhlOfZb2f+ZyNERHcIoTsm59+ackc7aBV0AYmu0NNoIEem0NfLfkv/k5H9V9v8g8oDsO88ZEBBmVxamRR6fiehkRiqieFnyM0odI8m7M0IXpGM0o5tRnXHDw8jfWV07Xa/zlK1jYWUkNGoazRiFPhvgOSfBzEhzQsr/25TNoP4mog71GZU5SE9w4PD/J8KAOeSbGp6I5T2RoyIchDEZKRnXH7QQFQ7KQPxbs/U/3TjyycLiVpGR0zltFy1+rbWbXhLnQz76GGb/2KYVjFpUJ4pSJmf8haaD0Xl75JQILPQPmxAdvDliALgi5WgDnLdkg9wR8rERWPxR5MnJ8+6cRxr+F6WxyWdGHhz57zl/Yc6zFZhIRlv6npRzIhVkoE7ki1gQtn6km4TgDVAfiOgfxPyPEc7LadnaE1MWUn5nyjMYIAJ5DIgGLjZocONTBoVnRdiTfhFx2f5lRLT2JxE2RQekpi2whZO+UD57XFMy0HmdTTVCYqD/vu0LNTsZYG6M/esRALwkwsGFgEZR13dD1imHRoAxGH2SgOA4UadzfRTknIAwXzZKMA7nGDaD7c4FVInRSMq4e+R1kftE3hfB5gxRZ+mgZ0SQEmFIDLgbzZuzr6P/3wj2Fx665vjU/z+y3RkRBSESIaVOE/ZpkxEPGXDwbzfH+k6uMwrSl1HNTT0yuKadgBcsOuHbKq8nuDjGuBi4vAPdTUFSl5EOPggZKXIOhPSlVkCvDx6I+w2t/H/I9jO53rXKNhqZpnw+5TJo+CO5X23laCudOdjVQ9MK+hgZr2yRJjvQN/pSXlhtb3rRH9kwcm2E3XDEoq2iiatS1vdTv+hilhhzzJxdf2snQULdJqmprZ3kZ+2p6d/L6XZEP1iJCGGDqL7Q6uvh/7caxvRgd3Sir/OIc0tEKE8v1WgrB9/a8mjLlyP8gm7flVfG5Icn++g4IYCXRpCU/lOfevdJqxkZDHcGhTUAWxrlpLOHtKEHh/5iGnVdGoTJGBLle+qjoc7oDHn35EUimFdnOt7r7WF7d85OSMpzrkcurlMmo5d0HkPWMQzwzyNGTfVwVIy9o52nt5HTqHl0RPt6/f3ZCk6MhV2rU57b6jMlYtQ6z4gpGvA/AzJCchh63a4ZypbsIxXpryPDo7xjdNbWO7T8iMz/yuukd7ecE8I6xtg7IXTn6aO58jiXPhI+MyQYG9U4qNSNFzFzciGs+i5o5W7NFsFxrpMip7brbE6MzLT/tfUBEToM+qjpb7f3U9/3Px05PyKF99ERtgM7RMVu6Dqc5g5K+lxZwxGW6IMOwnrkLppShzQ8sLkGbrePnrZwZgfdjuQ13fnbCEIdkFyE88Lc+V6vawiSE+6zDbj/U3fu7CM37TOVEenAX5n6Al6IYnhwGG4XnAyABhFRkeuc10f7pNUkg4FhRnTMgAzSQGEpmZt0sHDqdxtrmzdpLEYFoM7pxAA8DWNovxH5RgQTC9F0oH35GYWkjcoYNhDObXTXmQxK3T+buo30RjkGipgA+d5WTt84RwYp12jjsyKeiRiEpUPn6CB8VOadI9oAC53EIIR3HMX+lohOZTjauDPCaYShvx+h/2MioqmBcafubdnQHZEwIoSGnLTvcREj5ZkRowZ8EMyvRxCbERvuhDHC7d8KmdMOejn+0QgHUaYyGFU3ZEYKw9slP6N/W2SQUoa2/lTkZ1t+BvugHEdgH03+HdmSnl8EaASTT9I+bYCt+iXYDepr1x6XLZz0NTyviCi/j9BPS32vyf8fi2gLG+iRkX5RdrcR5X+i/c8hRSrviyBNSfmu71ME0Zwoj/3oE0SvX1z36Yg+1190c65HPo5taeUoV/3KlYT1r43A9/roLpqiE5v+SEQbXKt9+nUm0jHS9z3BEE7ayn+UgQToop9FBT36Hbrs4O+77lXIAv9QEFOrfHjEmS+78Fv48rKWl3HpDAAblZQjWhDC3hSg/im7OuJnIgDFmuZ9GE+ojpmVJ+lQ5Q+HRgxnZ4TzuVZHvD4iFJP37yOcdDHJ6OGabjjD1+iQIyLatTXCsD8eMWoYKUQFjJLTyMNo1PvWiJGKHsLNn47oUBHEOyI9KkAEPx4RweyMwEmnvyTCyOCEOJHaW9oxIx+91OU4/RmN/+mA6Nx2HZBVsH5stsj59MhxOd4jLv0Bb8Y+N4kWjPa2+v6VLYP8ykHgw0l7LowMQt2W4GMU5PCSeuDMkHdE9PcvRv6vCOyRnohJP382Ahf1IjYOpe7uBLZshFMNUtp1Ttr6iFYm2/u46Uk7DRv5ZyJGaThzxBdHOJ78SIddvTOCNBARxzWo6QckTw/tVIakfcrVbrhqK9xECd1xP9zy/nK2v9by7Mj2r1p92tUjGFmVpU62baDbEkEyL4rAGTaw0/d7pdWMDBj6f2lKdQOaW3//34jK+PvIqeM9OnptOkhn/scIgx+kHHc/XLh+foRhXxYxJ3U/m7MxboYj6SAj6zBgOgzbeqR0V675YMvHMRmqshjAYhLmZRxG27lJh5wQ2RkxKnBoeok6dLy5Ij1gxaicZ6DmyebtDNw0hX4whNHFbQ1BXTqWvgxCeUZ9iRNK5w3NJUVkfxa5dwS+fWqGeBHnr0ToOBv1tDKEosR8m349abc2z9du2HHMHinpIxHRTGTWAYfKUufvROAgIZC/iHCq3g8imwHpNWxMO+hzrwjiQk47Wx3IVlTFmfX/sRFYdpvgkGxqMMAMJRhr6zdTR3dYp432cNJW538z0iM8W7bqvOT+P2czxUL+7A4JsAVkfkJkZ8vLTn+vla0P2OmWdp02nd3sk+7wuG8ENp1YOPcfN51akbPT1QvatfoJhqIZNoIsEO0+adXIIIpo/PA8cb76B8eSdyGjco6xzx1JHAco2SvNPZ7/sS+nmU05ttecqdUhJF5yyrWIiOyTmvPocDJvSh4MjcAWut5ISuY7z7i7gTt/wn7qYcR7TXGG8hqFuiMODsegGbKR74URxrhXG6K3EXg42potrvW9qcuiUvJzylnHbGTHmYbLRATDAwJnXagO/Tvcx5xh1gEa0c9e2+b+L0iel0cQ7n7rzvlP7a9hKd9oT+YmgwYZpOTj1MNtQGD7pGZHfGk+f9I3wzjNrUPbEcIB06qRwQFrrgzjjgDbMG2yAPh3ERHatCZTTuspogxTNFPHdZeKDNZdly+6wUJw06ljIsLgxU6bFl3BGGUUkpvSiNDcBZo7fRgjVVdPlSKD1cN2oks2L08DzpjoRixS+bQVGexYZPapzVZkMLVdWw0rBJaGQJHB0vCq3IXA1CJQZDC1XVsNKwSWhkCRwdLwqtyFwNQiUGQwtV1bDSsElobA/w8cjC9MFwjGJgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Write structures of the following compounds:
2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
Answer:
From the name of the compound it is clear that the parent ring is pentane and chloro and methyl groups are attached in the straight chain at 2nd and 5th position respectively. Hence, the structure is as follows: -
Question 2.
Write structures of the following compounds:
1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
Answer:
From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is hexane with 2 attachments namely chloro and ethyl groups at 1 and 4 positions respectively. Hence, the structure is as follows: -
Question 3.
Write structures of the following compounds:
4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane
Answer:
From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is heptane with tertiary butyl and iodine groups attached at 4 and 3 positions respectively. Hence, the structure is as follows: -
Question 4.
Write structures of the following compounds:
1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
Answer:
From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is an alkene with the unsaturation present in between 2nd and 3rd carbon and 2 bromine atoms attached at 1st and 4th carbon. Hence, the structure is as follows : -
Question 5.
Write structures of the following compounds:
1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene.
Answer:
From the name of the compound given it is clear that the parent group is benzene with bromine group attached at 1st carbon, secondary butyl group attached at 4th carbon and a methyl group attached at 2nd carbon. Hence, the structure is a follows : -
Intext Questions Pg-289
Question 1.Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?
Answer:In the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), KI produces HI
2KI + H2SO4 → 2KHSO4 + 2HI
Since H2SO4is an oxidizing agent, it oxidizes HI (produced in the reaction to I2).
2HI + H2SO4 → I2 + SO2 + H2O
As a result, the reaction between alcohol and HI to produce alkyl iodide cannot occur.
So, sulphuric acid is not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI. Instead, a non-oxidizing acid such as H3PO4is used.
Question 2.Write structures of different halogen derivatives of propane.
Answer:There are four different dihalogen derivatives of propane. The structures of these derivatives are as shown below: -
(i) 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)
(ii) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(iii) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(iv) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 3.Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields
A single monochloride.
Answer:To have a single monochloride, there should be only one type of H-atom in the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C5H12. This is because of the fact that replacement of any H-atom leads to the formation of the same product. Therefore the isomer is 2,2-dimethylpropane.
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)
Question 4.Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields
Three isomeric monochlorides.
Answer:To have three isomeric monochlorides, the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C5H12 should contain three different types of H-atoms. Therefore, the isomer is n-pentane. It can be observed that there are three types of H atoms labelled as a, b and c in n-pentane as shown below : -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 5.Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields
Four isomeric monochlorides.
Answer:To have four isomeric monochlorides, the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C5H12 should contain four different types of H-atoms in it. Therefore, the required isomer is 2-methylbutane. It can be observed that there are four different types of H-atoms labelled as a, b, c, and d in 2-methylbutane as shown below: -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 6.Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:Cyclohexanol will react with thionyl chloride to form Chlorocyclohexane with the evolution of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas as shown below : -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 7.Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:4-Ethylnitrobenzene will undergo benzylic bromination in presence of heat or light. Now, as benzylic radicals are more stable therefore benzylic hydrogen is abstracted. Hence, the reaction yields 4-(1-Bromoethyl)nitrobenzene as a product.
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)
Question 8.Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:4-Hydroxymethylphenol will react with hydrochloric acid under thermal conditions to yield 4-Chloromethylphenol a shown in the reaction below: -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 9.Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:1-Methylcyclohexene will react with hydrogen iodide via markovnikov’s addition mechanism to give 1-Iodo1-methylcyclohexane as shown in the reaction below: -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 10.Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2Br + NaI →
Answer:Bromoethane will react with sodium iodide in a Finkelstein reaction manner to yield Iodoethane in presence of dry acetone and heat as shown in the reaction below : -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 11.Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:Cyclohexene reacts with bromine in presence of heat and light to undergo allylic bromination to yield 3-bromocyclohex-1-ene as the major product as shown in the reaction below : -
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?
Answer:
In the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4), KI produces HI
2KI + H2SO4 → 2KHSO4 + 2HI
Since H2SO4is an oxidizing agent, it oxidizes HI (produced in the reaction to I2).
2HI + H2SO4 → I2 + SO2 + H2O
As a result, the reaction between alcohol and HI to produce alkyl iodide cannot occur.
So, sulphuric acid is not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI. Instead, a non-oxidizing acid such as H3PO4is used.
Question 2.
Write structures of different halogen derivatives of propane.
Answer:
There are four different dihalogen derivatives of propane. The structures of these derivatives are as shown below: -
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Question 3.
Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields
A single monochloride.
Answer:
To have a single monochloride, there should be only one type of H-atom in the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C5H12. This is because of the fact that replacement of any H-atom leads to the formation of the same product. Therefore the isomer is 2,2-dimethylpropane.
Question 4.
Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields
Three isomeric monochlorides.
Answer:
To have three isomeric monochlorides, the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C5H12 should contain three different types of H-atoms. Therefore, the isomer is n-pentane. It can be observed that there are three types of H atoms labelled as a, b and c in n-pentane as shown below : -
Question 5.
Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C5H12, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields
Four isomeric monochlorides.
Answer:
To have four isomeric monochlorides, the isomer of the alkane of the molecular formula C5H12 should contain four different types of H-atoms in it. Therefore, the required isomer is 2-methylbutane. It can be observed that there are four different types of H-atoms labelled as a, b, c, and d in 2-methylbutane as shown below: -
Question 6.
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
Answer:
Cyclohexanol will react with thionyl chloride to form Chlorocyclohexane with the evolution of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas as shown below : -
Question 7.
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
Answer:
4-Ethylnitrobenzene will undergo benzylic bromination in presence of heat or light. Now, as benzylic radicals are more stable therefore benzylic hydrogen is abstracted. Hence, the reaction yields 4-(1-Bromoethyl)nitrobenzene as a product.
Question 8.
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
Answer:
4-Hydroxymethylphenol will react with hydrochloric acid under thermal conditions to yield 4-Chloromethylphenol a shown in the reaction below: -
Question 9.
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
Answer:
1-Methylcyclohexene will react with hydrogen iodide via markovnikov’s addition mechanism to give 1-Iodo1-methylcyclohexane as shown in the reaction below: -
Question 10.
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2Br + NaI →
Answer:
Bromoethane will react with sodium iodide in a Finkelstein reaction manner to yield Iodoethane in presence of dry acetone and heat as shown in the reaction below : -
Question 11.
Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions:
Answer:
Cyclohexene reacts with bromine in presence of heat and light to undergo allylic bromination to yield 3-bromocyclohex-1-ene as the major product as shown in the reaction below : -
Intext Questions Pg-307
Question 1.Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by an SN2 mechanism? Explain your answer.
(i) 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)
(ii) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(iii) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:In SN2 Reaction, the product will be formed in a single step with no intermediates. Nucleophile attack will be easier for simple halides than hindered haloalkanes. Therefore,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Because of this in SN2
i) Bromobutane (1°)reacts faster than 2-Bromobutane(2°)
ii) 2-Bromobutane(2°) reacts faster than 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane or tert-Butyl bromide (3°)
iii) 1-Bromo-3-methyl butane reacts faster than the 1-Bromo-2-methyl butane as the former is less hindered with respect to leaving halide than the later which is more hindered comparatively.
Question 2.In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which compound undergoes faster SN1 reaction?
(i) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
(ii) ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Reason: SN1 occurs in two steps. In the first step, carbocation forms. The rate of reaction in SN1 depends upon the stability of the carbocation, greater the stability faster the reaction. Tertiary (3°) carbocation is more stable than secondary (2°), which is further stable than primary (1°)
By using this
i) Tert-Butyl Chloride (3°) reacts faster than 3-Chloropentane (2°)
ii) 2-Chloro heptane (2°) is more reactive than 1-Chloro hexane (1°)
Question 3.Identify A, B, C, D, E, R and R1 in the following:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:i) Bromocyclohexane is reacting with the metal Mg to give organo-metallic compound/Grignard reagent i.e. Cyclohexyl Magnesium Bromide (A).
Grignard reagents are highly reactive with hydrocarbons to give alkanes. Cyclohexyl Magnesium Bromide reacts with water to cyclohexane (B) and Mg(OH)Br.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
ii) As the above reaction, haloalkane with metal Mg react to form the Grignard reagent, alkyl magnesium halide, RMgX, and further with hydrocarbon gives alkane.
∴ C is CH3CH(MgBr)CH3, a Grignard Reagent, R is CH3CH(Br)CH3 and D ≅ H
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
iii) In the Wurtz Reaction, alkyl halide in the presence of sodium in dry ether gives the double number of carbons.
Now, in the reaction 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl butane is formed after the alkyl halide reacting in the presence of sodium in dry ether.
∴ Number of carbons will be 3 in R1
R1 –X is CH3C(X)(CH3)CH3
And the remaining reaction is same as the above i.e. alkyl halide reacting with Magnesium to give Grignard Reagent (D) and further with hydrocarbon H2O to give alkane (E)
∴ D is CH3C(CH3)(CH3)MgBr
E is CH3CH(CH3)CH3
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by an SN2 mechanism? Explain your answer.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Answer:
In SN2 Reaction, the product will be formed in a single step with no intermediates. Nucleophile attack will be easier for simple halides than hindered haloalkanes. Therefore,
Because of this in SN2
i) Bromobutane (1°)reacts faster than 2-Bromobutane(2°)
ii) 2-Bromobutane(2°) reacts faster than 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane or tert-Butyl bromide (3°)
iii) 1-Bromo-3-methyl butane reacts faster than the 1-Bromo-2-methyl butane as the former is less hindered with respect to leaving halide than the later which is more hindered comparatively.
Question 2.
In the following pairs of halogen compounds, which compound undergoes faster SN1 reaction?
(i)
(ii)
Answer:
Reason: SN1 occurs in two steps. In the first step, carbocation forms. The rate of reaction in SN1 depends upon the stability of the carbocation, greater the stability faster the reaction. Tertiary (3°) carbocation is more stable than secondary (2°), which is further stable than primary (1°)
By using this
i) Tert-Butyl Chloride (3°) reacts faster than 3-Chloropentane (2°)
ii) 2-Chloro heptane (2°) is more reactive than 1-Chloro hexane (1°)
Question 3.
Identify A, B, C, D, E, R and R1 in the following:
Answer:
i) Bromocyclohexane is reacting with the metal Mg to give organo-metallic compound/Grignard reagent i.e. Cyclohexyl Magnesium Bromide (A).
Grignard reagents are highly reactive with hydrocarbons to give alkanes. Cyclohexyl Magnesium Bromide reacts with water to cyclohexane (B) and Mg(OH)Br.
ii) As the above reaction, haloalkane with metal Mg react to form the Grignard reagent, alkyl magnesium halide, RMgX, and further with hydrocarbon gives alkane.
∴ C is CH3CH(MgBr)CH3, a Grignard Reagent, R is CH3CH(Br)CH3 and D ≅ H
iii) In the Wurtz Reaction, alkyl halide in the presence of sodium in dry ether gives the double number of carbons.
Now, in the reaction 2,2,3,3-tetramethyl butane is formed after the alkyl halide reacting in the presence of sodium in dry ether.
∴ Number of carbons will be 3 in R1
R1 –X is CH3C(X)(CH3)CH3
And the remaining reaction is same as the above i.e. alkyl halide reacting with Magnesium to give Grignard Reagent (D) and further with hydrocarbon H2O to give alkane (E)
∴ D is CH3C(CH3)(CH3)MgBr
E is CH3CH(CH3)CH3
Exercises
Question 1.Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3CH3
Answer:(i) 2-chloro-3-methylbutane, (2◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The Cl atom is attached with two alkyl groups therefore 2◦ alkyl halide.
(ii) 3-chloro-4-methylhexane (2◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The Cl atom is attached with two alkyl groups therefore 2◦ alkyl halide.
(iii) 1-iodo-2,2-dimethylbutane (1◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom I is attached with one alkyl group therefore 1◦ alkyl halide.
(iv) 1-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbutane (2◦ benzylic halide)
Explanation: The atom Br is attached with two alkyl groups with the benzene group therefore 2◦ benzylic halide.
(v) 2-bromo-3-methylbutane (2◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom Br is attached with two alkyl groups therefore 2◦ alkyl halide.
(vi) 1-bromo-2-ethyl-2-methylbutane (1◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom Br is attached with one alkyl group therefore 1◦ alkyl halide.)
(vii) 3-chloro-3-methylpentane (3◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom Cl is attached with three alkyl groups therefore 3◦ alkyl halide.
(viii) 3-chloro-5-methylhex-2-ene (vinylic halide)
Explanation: The atom Cl is attached with the double bond i.e. at vinyllic position ∴ vinylic halide.)
(ix) 4-bromo-4-methylpent-2-ene (allylic halide)
Explanation: The Br atom is attached with the carbon next to the double bond i.e. at allylic position therefore allylic halide.
(x) 1-chloro-4-(2-methylpropyl)benzene (aryl halide)
Explanation: The Cl atom is attached with the benzene i.e. at aryl position therefore aryl halide.
(xi) 1-chloro-3-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)benzene (1◦ benzylic halide)
Explanation: The Cl is attached with one alkyl group at the benzene carbon therefore 1◦ benzylic halide.
(xii) 1-bromo-2-(1-methylpropyl)benzene (aryl halide)
Explanation: The Br is attached with the benzene i.e. at aryl position therefore aryl halide.
Question 2.How will you bring about the following conversions?
But-1-ene to but-2-ene
Answer:CH3-CH2-CH=CH2 +HBr---> CH3-CH2-CH(Br)-CH3
This reaction happens according to Markonikoffs rule
Now reacting this with alcoholic KOH gives alkenes
CH3-CH2-CH(Br)-CH3 + KOH (alc)——-> CH3CH=CHCH3 + KBr + H2O
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 3.Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3
Answer:The IUPAC name of the give compound is: :2-Bromo-3-chlorobutane
Question 4.Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
CHF2CBrClF :1-bromo-1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Answer:1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order. Eg: bromo is written before chloro and fluoro as B comes before C and F.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet. Since Br is attached to first carbon and Cl Is also attached to first carbon i.e. it is written as 1-Bromo and 1-chloro.
3. Since there are 3 F present so it is written as trifluoro.
4. And at the last write the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain i.e. ethane of 2 carbons.
Question 5.Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
ClCH2C≡CCH2Br: 1-bromo-4-chlorobut-2-yne
Answer:1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order. That is why bromo is written before chloro as B comes before C.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet. Since Br is attached to 1 position and Cl isattached to fourthposition i.e. it is written as 1-Bromo and 4-chloro.
3. Also there is a presence of triple bond at the second carbon so the suffix used for triple bond is “yne” along with the position of the bond i.e. but-2-yne )
Question 6.Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(CCl3)3CCl
Answer:2-(trichloromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptachloropropane
Explanation:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet.
3. Because of the presence of 3 CCl3 group tri is used as a prefix.
4. Since 7 Cl atoms are present in all therefore hepta is used a prefix with the position of chlorine. And at the last write the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain i.e. propane)
Question 7.Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3
Answer:2-bromo-3,3-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)butane
Explanation:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet.
3. Because of the presence of 2 (p-ClC6H2) group bis is used as a prefix instead of di because C6H4 contains itself contains numbers 6 & 4.
4. And at the last write the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain i.e. butane)
Question 8.Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p
Answer:1-chloro-1-(4-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene
Explanation:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet.
3. Because of the presence of 2 methyl group di is used as a prefix.
4. And the presence of double bond has the ending ‘ene’ and the presence of double bond at the first position is written as but-1-ene.)
Question 9.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘pentane’ consisting of 5 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituents at their respective place. For eg. Chlorine(Cl) at second carbon and methyl(CH3) at third carbon.
Question 10.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
p-Bromochlorobenzene
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘benzene’ a cyclic structure consisting of 6 carbons with 3 double bonds.
2. Now, place the substituent Bromine(Br) at the para position i.e. at the fourth carbon.
Question 11.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
Answer:
(1-Chloro-4-ethyl cyclohecane)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘cyclohexane’ a cyclic structure consisting of 6 carbons with 0 double bonds.
2. Now, place the substituent Chlorine(Cl) at the first carbon and ethyl(C2H5) at the fourth carbon.
Question 12.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘octane’ i.e. straight chain of 8 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituent Iodine(I) at the first carbon and chlorophenyl at second carbon.
Question 13.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
2-Bromobutane
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘butane’ i.e. straight chain of 4 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituent Bromine(Br) at the second carbon.
Question 14.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘heptane’ i.e. straight chain of 7 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituent Iodine(I) at the third carbon and tert butyl at fourth carbon.
Question 15.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAQgAAABaCAYAAABEx8i3AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAZmSURBVHja7Z1NUhs5GIbJASYcALxwhQu4Ajh7KJytPXQxLNgA8SZVrkp54aokroZFcoNcYFLkAHMDcoHJCRJOADeIE9kWadtqt9R/krqfxbsA26CWPj16v6/l1sb19fUGQgipRCegcgJtY+OJq2J8AASyDIedZuOno5owRgACWZTLk1BAAhcBIJBl9+A4wIAEgEDAwU+XAyAQqQUuAkAg3AOQABAIOCTCwdWJSKoBIJDlSWbLXehACRcBIJBl92Brldad/EACQCCLqYXN2oQunEg1AASqSWqBiwAQiNQCSAAIRGpBqgEgEKkFLgJAIFILIAEgEKmFszsqSTUABCK1wEUACERqUTgkauciCHZUW/dgOvnr6CIIdpS7e6jyNznrBgkCHuW62voIB1INAIFKcg++Tx5SDU1AJD0ePK6Diuo4nceVl90mF/uJ1AIXUTggwkG3/aLZuF98PHjroTsI2+L1YfD83bO946/90ehp9HOj0eivk73G1/bJ8G2ejUxqj402udhPpBblQcIHF5HHGSArv3gTtN6Li395GXajvxfBLn9fZuDrtMfGZHStn0gtrEDC2Wuex+Fk+RwQ05hbXBEvD7vijy4HvdTVMNg/PQ8Pygp83faUDQjX+gn3YKce4bKLUMWeiMt2s/FgEncrQasK6DX/fDNqX/r9/tO8At+kPWW1ycV+csQ9VA4OvrsIFSDC8Gyr09y+W447eY3KGlrSh03sizzKLI/AN2lPWW1ysZ9cWEmrrCRIuOoiVIvT+PKwJ2pkwfBqf9FVtH6cXv79elZPa91HX08d+HlY53UHqo5GZ9umgMjaJp1DXl3rpzJUVYdgAokkgLp2AHHc4iShsZx27OwFtypHXDgg4i5k/t7b2ENVd1vfTfKlrG1KbM+8A20AwvYBtzx6Ldlh2R4j3dh71Wl82Wke3g3CcCvqIKKuIc8aRGLgzxr050LiCns51iAM29S6j94uLagG4XWREkikr8+4VIOIOgY5D7UBMXURj9X5cU+Zfw+6bZPqvPj5n87xB/m+WWMOvkl6Jeb7mu0xmYxTB7Ab/CvfJ/6HLoSK6ifqEMChLEAsO2AjQAj1O42b2Uo/7kVteNb7++JvTCdWTK4TJ532ZFmtRYcd7R5/NmlTkf2Ei/ArtXC1bbGA+L14pXYQURui2CH4WN2cTgLFRJd5/HLgz1dcmcdvml5sUnvStGnhc52LmzSDkHc/MSFwDwUAYnP59no0JlMBoiiZphhFK42jqfmKiYvwBJbSya5oaTGcA+K7NUCs3LnYbf0X15gy6R+3uiMg4bt7yPVaC3cMRxefpMWZ5T+H/9t2EOIuxrPO+ZcsX2Jh9QQOACKjVvcWLNYNbEhdN9C//ZrkknARwBFAoNqvqLV8gGsNd5UywZksuAjGGUAQOEAC9wAgAATXDhwABJMEF8H4AggCCEjgHgAEgKAPgAOAYHLgIhhXAAEggATuAUAgAJGhL1x5NBtwABAAwkEX4cqj2RhPAAEgSDVILQAEgKBPgAOAYDLgIhhHAEFgAQncA4AAEPQNcAAQ1V8p6Qd/XQSABxDIAUi4KgAPIJADkHBUE55JCiAQWgsuIAEgEPK6VgIgEHKkVkJ/AIjsnafxZaC4YCMISTkARIUlDgFSnMv50B2EbfmeKh3eS8oBIJCm3gSt96rDdvI6cRyRcgAIX53D7KTySdxJXOLkrtPz8ABAkHIAiJpJTmzVpFdJdQR79Bh2AEHKASCq5B7Cs61Oc/tOd2LPU45J3AYdAAEkAETNAUGKQV0CQAAIAEFdAkBQg0hdg0gERJqHqyJ3U46kPTK+7I9hoE1dxONdjHFP+fqg2za9iyF/jtYo4u6SIPcgoYqBdXtkfHKWDHIK9TuNm9kkHveiK0TafRAidXl5dPFRvi5ulbabB98GYbhFf/slnT0yAKIGEpNYsUrcB8Or/YWg2AtuYwLhVhUIAjRTl6L4HPLFXa7fIwMgUJYA+zmHwyZ94o9M6lM+7Y9hcB11J6QYnsHd4A6XT/tjGFxHgHB0MnwtVxJR5AIQ1QYEKQYyDK7GD+5iAAgAgRA1CG/2xzC4COXlIjT3yPi0P4aBRShH6eyR8Wl/DIOKUM5K2iPj0/4YBhQhP1IXK/tjGACEPHImpBgIoUcg2N4fw0Ag5Gpq4cD+GAYCIQQgEEIAAiEEIBBCZegXJJ96KOpUEmIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘benzene’ a cyclic structure consisting of 6 carbons with 3 double bonds.
2. Now, place the substituent Bromine(Br) at the first carbon,methyl(CH3) at second carbon and sec butyl at fourth carbon.
Question 16.Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAOYAAAAaCAIAAAAsWLeOAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAypJREFUeF7tWjF2ozAQFXuWsEVeTkBOgLdJta07XIYmXcp0aXCJu7RbbRM4QTiBn4vgu5ABxxiwsEaWFAneqIsRzOfPZ/Q1ildVFaNBDEyHgV/TgUpIiYGaAZIs6WBiDPQlu1/fe2fjfr03/FL5ahB0lbcRm2udv48Xxn7XB9URVHZh6I+urDFOlY0y8LftyKIi9nma0aONhpLFNilPEcsk2Cy4MtUTEvEUR1DZhWEyuorGhMYgfEoCxrafJiotfHCLDQP4H483JyHdPH5UVRYhlGVmiiOo7ML40ehyGhNKtieLpqjDKt0Wd86KjddR/hoXLEieQs4tYZryfsY//OqZjqCyC8Nu9MsyE0l2v16CrqLnThmEVXvJ3g4LuYqu9p9bxoK/fzoF9mqd6bvREVR2YfxsdI7GIJ+jMuNItjaS7fBBsCx66Fa84UJ+rVzKHTz67jdGsT1IB2zgKIwMR1DZhWE8ukhjkNpRmQm3X7WtlNkNcTeEjcgUOg99t97Udzmzax/V2db7WBWUvFX91eLIMcIAOvqwugwxy2hMZAwgVpjCHp5tXnC9rmbzxB29PdbxHczs687qr31UYTpCywVvpZMcSQaAQZ3RRQuijMYQkv0OV+xKUWC56+EDdAWKf+8mehFySLqzHUFlF4at6CiNoSTbWJvg1r9eCNw7m95GEb+ezg1O0/IVfsHsrLkK5uMYWxeqwSvLGgNDMJAp1BJdKi94jYkle+jQBclbt3eKfHPBNFiswJKCU+4prXFdErur/H97EpHdxUucf7mATA+qYQBpY2AGBjZxGqJL5EVKY6KOgef5MYOzKa4Rxb7/hXl1JsuEwQFbp0lRB8T3z8K0BdcsaBqGBlQaUMAuQpkcBRiq0S/lZdACktKYN6d/PoSP1d8948WukE+6VYIBvXmZkWTBOr3clqaWA4kM0dQeA7rzIvayk0hA7X9Jr+6lykRe5lBl4TNesIz8gGuKNZWXkQb3dH6uzzl6g3MaNJ23mQ9SY3mZQ5V1rboQHqMMzMTLGuWIHu4UAyRZp9JBYMQMkGTFHNEMpxggyTqVDgIjZoAkK+aIZjjFwBedl6vGbt/m9QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘butane’ i.e. straight chain of 4 carbons and a double and second carbon.
2. Now, place the substituents Bromine(Br) at the first and fourth carbon.
Question 17.Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?
(i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3 (iii) CCl4
Answer:The three dimensional structures of the three compounds along with the direction of dipole moment in each of their bonds are given below:-
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAnkAAACrCAYAAAAaYIqsAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAABTWSURBVHja7d1BjhtHmsVx9wGm+wASF4RlYLYFj0XvJXd5W4MpCF5oo5G1GaAAg4sCLA8ob/omrQPMDbov0H2CkU4g3YBsp6toZ1FMVjIZERkR+TPwX1jFYrKS38v3vi8zIz/7+eefPxvKL//94ZTfB0B3AM0CkWrvUFHu0v756uXTi0fzs4+XyzeP7UggnBnQHUCzQLSQd339/OH5/OH7R/PZ+nfOPl5crRYKF4gD3QE0C0QNeT9cnv3UFOri2fLH9r8vL7983fz7ty9XFwoXCAvdATQLRA15N8U42+wW7ZY3y8vH371YPVG4QDjoDqBZIHrI+/589vbR/On7q9XqQb8iV7jAqdAdQLNA1JC3Wj1/0Fxb8Pn5i7f9OxmFC5w0EaA7gGaBVCGva/yscPFrwVgKIIph0B323aV56K5N0Czy1qyQh6wKtc9rmguK7TOGgfDc3p25OcA61fHA90GzOF2zWYY8I+jpFuq+g3s73Al48QyD7nCrxaiGYU03mkWyoJfMLw81Znf+x8WkCrVdLMJdGuiufvqevolpGNZ0o1mEC0/3NWehjx1DG7M9xThbLy6Xr/cW69XFwm3h0wh6sU7NHuw4JnqaiO6m2UR1aSCGYVjTjWYxSLdDNRvEO0M0Zp/8w1b0zcGgnRwdDKbRtcS8nuCmhvbXTLOu1GI++9j3OpfaoDtBrz0535nonWQY1nSjWYTXbGsYstmdwIfYdqjG7LMu0X89n31oH3C+mH/zrj2avn3jDwq3uoC37jt1EPLCQnfTNI2uyXmoiYBTizSLcJrdE+7W7deF0GzIxixoSFAQZYa7fdfexQh6Qh6w/7KIfcYQxCzcJJDlMdd+KFezu+EutGZDN2Yhd8JG8ZZ3sDl0Y8W2sIW8vAM63RVpGkmWWbDcR57fPc0W6ZVJNRuqMYuSdBVFGeGgT9cR8jvdhrzmotHdu4WaC5WFvEGao7tCtZfiuxPystUtzZYX8IrUbLTiVcD5G8wxQSJcyLsjll02Qh7TmJL2Yn93Ttfmr1m6zV6zmzE0m2XIM10ooxsZ6zM4Xcs0aC99SHfjRdaa5ZWZh7uua+9CfW+frHuX6+la04WyJggxt9X1nQt5TIP2Dn93MbRnTbdyGjT7I5+GrKdmNyG2F7MxU7wT6UZyEIeQxzSmaBZjTx1+15413UrQLN2W45dD9X3f9kI2ZsmmC4o3z24kpTiEPKYxIbNIor1jdG5NtyI0q0EbMdzl0pSFbMxMFxhMMpMR8pgG7Y03dYAGDeMMQ4ZuL0Rj1vvDCXrlFGzq7qfv792GvA9dIa8pZiHv0/1Md7Q3ljFh2HekQSuiIcvaL4Ntv2fBbXbXNRu6EKvTt/VMEJhM2o4+gO5MB8rXHt3lr9sgmtWgld0k5eKXRxVaF6YL0+hGhLtxDKOD9UDN0V1B2nNqtirNnuyVdMsvo4S80GYj6JXbjdj/WRjG+sT3pLtCtKexKlKz60heSbcn+tcU/fLkwu3zR/cpXl3KUQWU7YWiiG8YIbRiOpCv9jRWdTZnrq+ttyHL2S9PKdx7i61roT/Fm/dBn8lkbRjBOnrTgeMP3horDGzO1ho0fllCyFu3J3iHim3owoIMRzeCzpAX5fmJdHfvwduNFThZtxq0tGHLjYgDQl6rcNeHiu2UVDvF07ddIVk3gnYIi9nRmw6Mqz26qzbkRX3uqaBnGBIj5N37kG0Xhw/r+PaFZN0IeujOdKDAg7fp3TQ1GzPoTU23hiERQl6fsKJLGWQqm5AhubZuBOm0MsWg59QsxtSsBq2Yhqw4v4y2AwIbzrrGwt0NeKGWyKixG8EoplH9dMCpWWSgWQ1aIZotUbehg8o6VrHVeJ1eyAUzp1KwSGcatU8HnJpFjg1aTs1ezuHOMCRRyDs0fQpdbDUZzoEpXpS/z/SOadDd+JMAtYkU4ay2Bs2NFeOHvHWqYqvl9G1rv+yl1O4HpgPM4hPt0R1GCWc1BD03Vowf8tZjFJunZEyrG4HpQEgTFe6gQaPZnycwDCnWcGrpUnQjMB2os7GyP6BBMwyZVMiLaDhV3n2rYGE6UFxjRXfQoJWl2aqbsioMZ/t+UzYc0zuYDozaWAl30KAV6JW167aawp1ql+LGCpgOjK49moMGrZyGbFJeWVXhtot3CoUr3MF0YNxwR3fQoJU3DJlUM1pj4W7fs1bDcWoWpgPjN1bqBxo0wxAhb8SuokbDMb2D6cCojRXdQYNGs0JeLl1FLadvTe+QY5PV9dqapgOMAjU1aIdeV8viybwy45AXq6soNei5sQK5Nlnburwn6BVrGm6sQG0N2lazoY4BmTZkvDL3kBerqygx6ClY5Nhk7Tx7eZ1SxwnNgu5QTYN2zHSrfQwoMeCph0JCXoyuorQCULDIrck6JuDtmgbdAekbtKEBqDTN0m2BIa/vZAFA/CZrSMADMK5u6VXIK3qyMMqOa5meRzthKtOBsQMe3QHH+eXYAY9mhbyTOpQxPsP19fOH5/OH71vm9wtnHy+uVgtFhSoPFHcneBu6A8rR7Fh+SbNC3smThdSF+8Pl2U/NthfPlj+2/315+eXr5t+/fbm6UFioOOCN0mTRHTBIs+ux/JJmhbxQYS9Z4a5ePr1otrdbtFveLC8ff/di9URhoSZ2T/mkNg26A4YFvLH8kmaFvChBL3bxfn8+e/to/vT91Wr1QPFgyoaR0jToDji6KVuP6Zc0K+TFCHpR1/RZrZ4/aK4t+Pz8xVuFgwkZxsFlCWIHPboDjtfsmH5Js0LeaMUdonC7xs+AIEh3wNT9kmaFvCJRuADdAaBZIa/iwjWCBugOAM0KeZXhYlKA7gDQrJBXY4dyc1v4enG5fL3351cXC7eFA3QH0CzNCnkFsl3IsbneoP2YFgs8AnQHgGaFvMJpFnL8ej770F5N/Iv5N++MpgG6A0CzQh4AAACEPAAAAAh5AAAAQh4AAACEvHr++MgPVgcAgF9CyBuhYGM+WB1At/boDijPL+0LIa+ogr1lrRCA5NqjO4BmIeQJeACzABBLlzQr5Al4AAQ8oEJd7gt6NCvkFYeABwh4AH7zxPXWF3eDHs0KeYwGAN0BlQU9N1oIeZM0GncEAnQH1B706FbIm6TRpFpyhThAd3cMaJPqM/vuIOiF80uaFfJSGc0m1PukOO20DZMKGFMPeClPGzWfl+ZAt6cNM1JeosErJxzyQgWzMe7Ive2o1hZrRqETgaABL+X1fNugR3eYamN2ivek1uzu56XbiYS8kgPengJWvChOe31el+v6XFvjoDtMLeDt856cm7KusOd7rTjk1RLwdCqowSz6NDA5mUVX2PP9Ymqa3Wr0CL3kolleWWvIqy3g6VRQY8A7FPRyXHLFVA9T1WxfHea05IrBSMUhL1Qwy3nRZMWLGgJeVz1nrjthD5PXbMz3ihn2hDxFm3XBKl7UqruQSzekbLJ8/xDwivHLyQ5GFG1hBat4UbHuighPpnoQ8MryyykPRhTtHqMp6e93/QFKN4sQSzcIe0B/rU0p4O3R7KS8ktH8nOeNFjoVTGkasO8gXKJxqA/krtvSAl5oXU1tMCLgjRTwtsW1D50KphTwdt8rVmg6pLlT9WKqh4n5ZcoFyqP42VQGIwp2pAlea7u7rEMXL9NBKQFvt4YjHNQ3KbRHdxDwwus2Ytir1iuzLMi+wazUgHfIcHQqyJUaruc5EPSiBEq6g4AXXrdO4RYc8g59gRU+zSJqyJtKp4J0ZlFywDsU9GLowlQPNQS8kA1eqCDmFG7ZIa9zB9f2NIsus+lbXMcUoakepj4NONBgRW2C6A4lB7ycnmaxzzdja7Z03Wb5oWI+7ijTx5W1l5DoVVxDhWeqh6kHvF2jSNEEmeqh5ICX89MsUk31StVtth8sxuOOMi7YzaHiCv13uDEDUw54uzpI2QQJexDw4oa9mNsoUbNZf7iQjzvK/bmYfYJu6L/DKVyk0Etp60+m0AXdQcCLkxVSXHZRkm5LKdqTDoalrs69z3Bi3wnIdFDz9Tw56cJUDwJeHK90CreAkNcutFO63pID3p5piJE0mMWITZYJAWi2vLA3Zb8spmiH7NBaAl5X4GU4YBbjhD1NFjIbANBsh5dN3S+LMprtDp1qwEs1XXBjhoDHLMY5qDuFiwFao9keXpaqQctNt8UZTZ8iDPVUjNz3h5E0TAPGNQ4TdYztDzTbX08pGrTc/HLUAo1RaDktdpzCeBkOmEUexqHJQgqvjOSX1Ws2xVQvR78cNcC0d0ANz6ONUSy5dCpO4dYd8JhFvrqgu2kT68EAfQcJNFt2gzZq4YZc7Li2gJdrp2K6IOAJeOl1ocmadsgL/WCAtm4nrtnqb8wYvXBDBbOpBzzTBYwVzOgunS40WdMNeSE9TmM23mAktW7HNpgga78p2HE6FYYj4E19GqDJQuqQd+r3zS9H1Wxyv8ylMxlcvAo2m07lJHEc+j0mlnfAo71+TVaOpkF3xeg1SNCj2XE1O0aDllPIWx9beAp2ePHmdGPG8vLL14/mZx8vl28e7/7szfLy8WI++7h4tvzR9yjgmRB0b4PuqqyfTZdf0mz5mo2xjU9WLsmgcNcKNn3x5nQKl9nkHfBiLXfEOMadENBdcSFvzS/zHYwM0fSxfrn9HG3aP1+9fHqxq+mxzGZwsSrYOGFvTMNhNum+86FGs/0OaS+sccQOk3RXzbE6xMoTNBvJK0+9NrmPX15fP394Pn/4vl0TjX4vrlaLrEKe5RrK7VRiHaCYTdymKpDeNrQXJ4jFbLLojv5pNq5mQ+3j9jZ2f/bD5dlPzc929Xij4dn625eri2xCnoLNv1NJfcH11myajmR3FL26ulgwm249HDu6H1Afn1wPZN/HabL6ft+hGmq6E/Bw+mAk9D7efa+b4/hs06XFpiH77sXqSfEhT8GmK97Ut3jfdiObu2PoO2yYzV2Gju5DhDx3XaaZEMQ+/tFd9bXFLxMMRmI3vt+fz94+mj99f7VaPbjvtcWGPAFvnOJNNdVz2ug4Thndhwh5gl7asBfr+Ed39WL9ynSZJObxcLV6/qBp5j8/f/G21+tLDXkCXt1hj9kcIfoTR/cDD2SbEHfEo7f2op4OorvpBBD7I/7+7TuJPyXk9dVhkSFPR5KH4cTsVphNf04d3Q9ork5evgGnNVmxjn90J+AhzP7tM4kX8g4bjYLNxHBiTPWYzXGCP2V0P0R79DeqmdAd+GUhAXpf2DtlSDKJ07UKtv6wx2zSdXW0V5aZxFzTku7qPE7bD+MH6N1J/Cn6ncSNF8gu7AU9hXtrNh+6zObr+ewDs0kf8pDPtCDG2np0B8QL0F03rR193L+5Dnu9uFy+3vvzq4tFFUuoILugN+raelMOealO1yKPgNfVZNEdkL2Wg0zztisnNE1Xez3L6hZDRpZhzyK5CUl54wXGaZ6ObbLsOyA7LW8OMeQ9t9P19mUcX8y/edf2gttj/oci18lTOHkbk2tB0nDq6B7TC4WYDrwyP1/cR9KayKEoYz+aCaiJU0b3AMoNcLwSRYW8VI9mAmpj6OgeQHnwShQX8lI+mgkAgBLhlSgu5KV8NBMAACXCK1FkyHOHIAAAvBKVhTxrfQEAwCtRccizaj8AALwSQp7CBQAIebwSJYQ8I2gAAHglKgp5DS4mBQCAV6LCkOfRTAAA8EpUGPIaPJoJAABeiQpDXoNHMwEAwCtRYcgDAACAkAcAAAAhDwAAQMgDAACAkAcAAAAhDwAAAEIeAAAAhDwAAAAIeQAAAEIeAAAAhDwAAAAIeQAAABDyAAAAIOQBAAAIeQAAABDyAAAAIOQBAABAyBtjR3z22R8aSvvMtf5toLsS9EVboFkeJ+RlzurqYrGYzz4++uryb6+ur//YVUBtjinGIcV33zZXL59ePJqffbxcvnl86H2ur6//7dlXs781r724Wi1836C7MPqiLdDs8ZrlcUJeUm4L5O9dRXt9/fzh+fzh+0fz2fp37hbT8vLL113F+GZ5+bgRxeLZ8sf+n+n+bfYVQFsEn3/1X3/f9zcCU9JdSH3RFmi2v654nJCXvjM5UEg/XJ791BTfrlHcmMts/e3L1UXokNd3m8cIoP05tr8PTFF3MfRFW6DZfrricULeKJ3J5+cv3u4v6NmmK5w1BfXdi9WTkCHvmG0eK4CG789nb3U6mKruYuqLtkCzfXXF44S8RBxK/k2xPJo/fX+1Wj24731ChbxjtjlEAEN+B6hFdzH1RVug2ft1xeOEvKTcmMSnBbdaPX/QXC+wr2s5ZDbN9QS7F5JuL1S9L+Qdu81BArjdhnE2pqa72PqiLdBsP43wOCEvaeHuG+1uC6XvdXS31xJs7l5EeodN35DXd5tDBLAduR9zEwhQg+5i64u2QLP9AhiPE/KS8ev5+33XGAwym9NO16YUQN9OCqhFd6lCHm2BZnmckFdI4R572ihEyIs5yiYATFV3sfVFW6DZfiGPxwl5yegaQW+LOtYF4F0LQJ5yUWqfBSiNsjFl3cXUF22BZtPdeMHjhLzehdtVcLe3eq8Xl8vXewvw6mIxZCmH3xaU/H0ByA/bBSCP2WZbAIfec18n5aJUTE13YfV1d90v2gLNHqOr4zW4+5quO33pUMjbawRdBbFdnLExinYXf8qirE0Rfvvn//5LWyDtDqnvNtsCuO89+3RGQM26O/a9D+nr5r2f/LNteLQFmr1fV0M1eDfgnf3/4svZu70hjw6FvDZ9zt83xf31fPah3cV/Mf/mXfsAf2s2H7rMpvn9rvFxU7SP/+Py/9qBrM82b4t57zb3vWeDhSJBd6fp69flWZqf7TzaibZAs/fr6hQN3gS8p/949Wb5781n6Vqzjw6FvL3Jf4wHG988v+/sHyG7jq73PDTiBqaku9M+8y+GdBPw/kRboNk0bKfnv+ju4atXr/54E/L+9z95nJDXt0PZPtj4T0l2+u00oKvLCf2eW1F0PVgamILuQhtOozPaAs3G59X57K+7a2C2T+3SoZB370H719FxogLZ3o5+392wId5zK8yu01rAVHR3yuf887Pl/9x9msaTf96eNqIt0Gz6sPnb6VoeJ+TlKZKd1flPGTHHeE8AN9zcsTd7R1vA+GxDHQ0KeQAAAEIeAAAAhDwAAABkzL8A0Y8z4rsascEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
CCl4 being symmetrical has zero dipole moment. In CHCl3, the resultant of the two C-Cl dipole moments is opposed by the resultant of C-H and C-Cl bonds. Since the dipole Moment of latter resultant is expected to be smaller than the former,CHCl3 has a finite dipole moment(1.03D)
In CH2Cl2, the resultant of two C-Cl dipole moments is reinforced by resultant of two C-H dipoles. Therefore, CH2Cl2(1.62D) has a dipole moment higher than that of CHCl3. Thus ,CH2Cl2 has the highest dipole moment.
Question 18.A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight. Identify the hydrocarbon.
Answer:The hydrocarbon with molecular formula C5H10 can either form a cycloalkane or an alkene. Since the compound does not react with Cl2in the dark, therefore it cannot be an alkene but must be a cycloalkane. Since the cycloalkane reacts with Cl2 in the presence of bright sunlight to give a single monochloro compound, C5H9Cl, therefore, all the ten hydrogen atoms of the cycloalkanes must be equivalent. Thus, the cycloalkane is cyclopentane.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 19.Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br.
Answer:Double bond equivalent is used to find the level of unsaturations present in an organic molecule.
DBE = ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Where C= number of carbon atoms present
H=number of hydrogen atoms present
N=number of nitrogen atoms present
X=number of halogen atoms present
Double bond equivalent (DBE) for C4H9Br
=![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGMAAAAgCAMAAAAxKTZlAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAHtQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6AGaQAGa2OgAAOgA6OjqQOmZmOmaQOma2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZjoAZjo6ZmZmZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkGY6kLbbkNv/tmYAtmY6ttv/tv//25A625Bm27Zm27aQ29u22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///b8w/H3QAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAABP0lEQVRIS+2W0VbDIAyGw5xWp+tQZ3VVcToovP8TGtrttDiTk3ME9WK5/SEf+RNoAU7RO+C0mt2TXoTni5/75Os1uOqBSPS20BkY9uwVoF2ShzUZGO5yA11DJ8rBAKPUQpetI5rkV5uiXmHyjikjtOe7Pd/M6JMAvN8yamjma7oKhTEY6aqEEZrpLHZaxdkRRrp33OTrO5rhrl9MBka7tEwdABkY9mpXmhEnrzAjNNh3ZJihz22chD5G+yZeHcn7xd/vPYj2kHOcpa+zkaEfeIbCXvVV/gYjvedHXrGvQHo5qTsI2JNpmmRdeKywY3P6UydkCN+JP1v2oZW6oeisKD6yXz3BluoXK4oRw7ON31syWFHOMfSnFh9UThQztmQ7MAUrihGGQ7CiGGERYal/OFYUI3wd31SCwYpixL9Z+AkfUhhNWiW+NAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
=0
So none of the isomers has a ring or unsaturation, so the isomers are positions or chain isomers as shown below in the table:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 20.Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
1-butanol
Answer:1-butanol is treated with KI in the presence of H3PO4 where the OH is being replaced by the iodine and gives H2O and KH2PO4 as the by-product with 1-iodobutane as the final product.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 21.Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
1-chlorobutane
Answer:The conversion of 1-chlorobutane to 1-iodobutane simply takes place by treating the reactant with KI in the presence of acetone. The iodine from KI normally replaces the chlorine from the reactant and gives 1-iodobutane as the final product with KCl as the by product.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAcwAAABTCAIAAACd/qDzAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAADalJREFUeF7tXT164jwQdr6z4BR5OAE5AWyTKu12UIYmXcp0aaCEbttUaRZOEE6QJ0XgLvuN5B9kS7ZlrDG29brZjZFGmlczr6WR7Ln59+9fgAsIAAEgAAR4EPiPRyykAgEgAASAgEAAJAs7AAJAAAgwIgCSZQQXooEAEAACIFnYABAAAkCAEQGQLCO4EF2KwH5xQ9diXwum0/r+fn2qVQWFgcBVEQDJXhV+nxvff2znu918+1GPZX2GDLr3EgGQbC+HbQCdFhz7MJ0+KCxLs1QxtxVXPFvN3zmtfy8Ph2WYzoCj2bC8kikx3VosktvnWa8ufAAgQoU+IACS7cMoRX2UhFJzdd1V7U7r16/V8zQIBMu+yvX/fhG+Px7p3DZdu/H3Ud75folu/Ds+vv9en0ZPf1aTyUqU2kwD4s3Zl/xDVAlmKaNug4eo0ipYvsmJsi6qq8igX8NDILbhgn9285zG811aUv6m/J38UHRfa4JPOJ9k4c1dw6R8CCvGK9YmGsfjaqKOd8RmHBc1lAqP/08dyRmTEWi1ZrZK8pd6NyldNmbu9euchQzUJVsz14YmUjyTlfOm80Qh9sHtzMlkik84n+RkLtk/TAqnBgTWbCu5jeaFdI2ePmOmlRT4+TTimVWc/r7Hi36ysZACAO9/zXtZWdqNOnnh5VBUSQ9gfjo4bJi0Za4XWlxarYBkxUJMel/Gz6RS2mO6dhf4hPNJJiX7K9w8QinDNuKu2qMvnlVvy0CdJMtV/c/dJI4byKcZhUVEJGGWhkcI/vj/BxFKEFeoVKH4w3ZyFxZ0p0jUJb0vrtNfC+HrOZ9kt2PHKc1MsuQFh2AiY2baNd00dEo+4XySI2boNiZnFrIwmOsxLCFJW14v6iR59PQy337fflLcVWxpyRWU4Mvp5rj6oqWTvMLl+IHsUZYV94hx6aGfVqGfdyUzb5MoC5i0IvtF8QGyzltIocJ8PeeTfMnoXamOkWRPP19BMHn8xbJY5BPOJ1nMY/uJidGs0tlFw8flhTY73cTRiXP96JZcKUVXzJfKnSSkQdQrSygBjqhKoowqnuonzGsSVV+B6TM9CMw8218L4es5n+T6Q3e9GkaSPX4fgmB8a8OxclKRvSjOUHbxCeeTTPp0RXhjUyGGpSgoRYKuw7CN+39lAeJ8Q7AMKXSRjyJ3xUK8cckrW4J9802PcBWdLrDvQUlJPuF8kkkdVuENgd3OiGFJhhLsbCjRu+o0Jd7NDwTk/VojWkswWC2kp8JZu205LkzFikn264fx5UU+4XySaQS6J1w5jE/sqUxiikKH8tiA2LyksjXO3CpH+bWli+Mb94tF+k6CY9GuxEWLtcNyFuYh7J6F2BIHX8/5JNvqduVyRpKlvVgyoaJjNQ17zCecTzKp3FHhcYAyPmCnzAYKNoGiHSeqFfGs9WcAMhHNhscGK6p/bjZpaJa3pYulRydsJqvdUYm5dNRCLNyVr+d8ki3U6kwR80x2+kyn0g/xyzK5vsrTNZaXMs86T5ucCFckn4nCiWRSrb/CLcdFPDRo516MccEujr0g70rKbcOJPN44zWxbMJifY69hte32vaYvplcQLpBxJ7GizEx15JqxYl9LVfz0kx6HFGdxEnJ2IHz/cX6dcryk9y2jZh1IFnbYW+G1rE4cgIp41v6pWauBQRYWX08gq/40bRu6MT8+r2G17Wt4TV8srHTJlHtvTayQzi9a1nqtlgrnX9J0JXw355Is36HtvvB4CAlPw+bBeXzN45W8WyKr9uU9xYvX+Y0r6vagi3Rl2DJ23n3zM9hVS17TF3MNGptdlYAkfsX0GrwAupRbqvpX9nt/hTfRGnWvjwCz18QPVB7Hgdfk7IefZKMGmYA3POrdOUh/hbvDAJKuiQCT18gVmjZHdqQon2TWbjvS3iim6TlZ26jI6NfjxPFRDhEhfr078nzFpL/CbUcE5bqPAIPXkNJ8ts0nmbXb7IbAyOBqkND1M1ksp3gWO9HzsqfCGUcTottBgNNrWG0bXlNkIKzhAjUw7fTbpNrWgku+7a/wdlgArfAiwOY1cdQuM29z5jjwmmKruKGf2GfLaAAIAAEg4CsCbcVkfcUXegMBIOA5AiBZzw0A6gMBIMCLAEiWF19IBwJAwHMEQLKeGwDUBwJAgBcBkCwvvpAOBICA5wiAZD03AKgPBIAALwIgWV58IR0IAAHPEQDJem4AUB8IAAFeBMpJNk460vb3RsXnf0u/2S+/D8zbq8o+8I5LI+lXGrZGfUbl+gh0eJxl12w9dOi+Vkay4vvEB/ESv/KB4lrg1Teb4dW4hgGJXDHym+vW2WWGh/vwNTK5J2ntyEPlPKZn9tNVXysm2WQM1U/AR/dw9QCB6YZotiCDUA+6jy5WIGByT0mx8NDWbafK1wpJ9vT3XcxiE4qNEvhE6aRx9QIBmXJq+5qk5ulFn9FJSwRy7km1HHuozNDJ8xlRSxX7VKzc14pIdv8mIgUP00TTJCtqkq3EGQK5XNOZBYoxNZu55YyY/ConWUGlhZJgUWkt2VCmhBpjkj9kG9IXaqSASIlGabSSZNQkQs0uKW5ra7Jk1VOlfkaQYWU3enqhySxT0mFnBgBBFyCQd08S4dhD9W2PCmfJOvLv97xWHvtaAcmefr7ok6pnjr3ADiyqCNzD5Vhkl0ryJwQJJwhi+niI7+/mpWlVySBCkd0uFUJ1taA7ZYX8HfyJisj5eXUtajStInI7kAjbWH6kfZx6W/nMY7QyUD4wd1wFpoyxVeoL6GbbVE6BFJGRGSxrYYk9K9KOe6qgVDhL9mfysJdxZs3rua+Zv4IoJqzGL8AWZU+85BObpY1kW5dfqzxTU6YX8rdM8fydXG3Z16pahs5lquj1I5H5D3QWKpkippXQq+Ql2zZu7tIlY4U6XUKgzKgceWgdFzM0mbFY333tiudk9x+0kh7fZlLXl84ozOlrZHRq8vhLkSOydlTM4C6pFYn9PjqY9qgrfdsc64r6x++8ysHodhwEjhP8OFAUIgaAQIWzSEcuWfZ672uOSTYfb0xCkYZltlzyTO7CvhlhUyKTECkrfZnspt4loVMCvRJlW66u1xRKDwmBGu5ZU20eRx6Irzkm2ST6rq2t1INg0fjJqZebeWFNg7i4uJhA1pp76y2d1q/isZ85e1y7PxI6UzQHu8G1sfSqQg33rImLc0cekq8VkGx452phXDxYog1tgbtf1z1yZIgNGNYn+W5cUiuz3SCJzvLKW2Djx74cHptjAzKu0L/VgiWu3hZrwz0VcCucxejI9tWNozgsXyuI5xeFzx2F1ZNzAESzuf0sMUEr2Pk5z91yvZB/pr9GKd3UDSjjjlS0TC+spSmaLR7vnJ2bSRLJaZnpcoJymwBxrCAzLa1UP82Il2mMqtXfdevSdg76Yo1AiRs68tBaLpbzDd0X/Pa1wmy1pv383DPHSQLabJbLiCUqWUY3pIyYfMfMJJtSVaxWtpbsw0TQdXLp6ubyihY1owZdhYK5v21PF2jtVyUINZxBsPZiFOw2ArqtmUL7DTy0potljJqa1ftX4qFD97WSlOCOHondNtYB9w7jN+DBjR/VzjJ6DxoqfuXKfa1k4yt6VWxW7/i9t2Gyrim+X9Bxg8nqOX1nr2sdRH+aIQD3bIafw9qVvlbK8vEUH89L/mehyxYwbC7R7K4sjPP1x8ZmDG6omw45HaKAABAAAkBARcDxOVmACwSAABAAAiBZ2AAQAAJAoCUEMJNtCWg0AwSAgJ8IgGT9HHdoDQSAQEsIgGRbAhrNAAEg4CcCIFk/xx1aAwEg0BICINmWgEYzQAAI+IkASNbPcYfWQMAFAvsF3gitxBEkWwkRCgABIAAELkcAJHs5dqgJBIAAEKhEACRbCREKAAEvEdCzgnsJQ3OlQbLNMYQEINAlBMzkGOf3yoVQtaxfCLG6H0qQrHtMIREIdAwB4lL68qX4mt452V6U0fOLMpGkF31Saju7MWQ97Zg6PesOSLZnA4buAoGaCKQMq2QzPa3vI9bN5N4cPX1mE3fUbAnFjQiAZGEYQKC/CBBZli/wTQwbBPu3JWXYNH/SfbrRU0v3F6Au9Bwk24VRQB+AAAcC6Xw1R5syF+zk8deIo1HIzCMAkoVNAIFBIkAMGy4PFBHQJ6YiU3wwvgXHtjPwINl2cEYrQKBVBLYzYlhqEUn6WoUdMdnrw40eAIHmCCjnrohJxXmA+Lpfn1LpMh24yKJKvxvDtl8/58K1+rRfUBxYq3uSt2sJ8qUwZrK+jDT0HAwC04166EpJc6ocFZi/PFE0gEpGPKvSL91+oJuH97+Xsez0+eXuNbxRRAqCDV+DF+RGxkx2MF4GRYCALQLTjUioeliGKs/KfOKH5Ztp5ln9zZfR9OnzuBsLkT9B8EOx39nX4/FzM0WQFyRra5coBwQGhACdfo159rycp3s0xaVIQmaKS3tl9H7C1kb3EZE38exyu10ug9Uxc9zWpr5PZRAu8Gm0oaunCEScKkj1HJ8VQYfjKliGaUj3JhR8qb4VVgqX4NnVZDLfgWHLzeqGojueGh7UBgJAAAjwI4CZLD/GaAEIAAGPEQDJejz4UB0IAAF+BECy/BijBSAABDxGACTr8eBDdSAABPgRAMnyY4wWgAAQ8BgBkKzHgw/VgQAQ4EcAJMuPMVoAAkDAYwT+Bxlt2/2YfBsJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Question 22.Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
but-1-ene.
Answer:The conversion of but-1-ene to 1-iodobutane takes place according to anti-markovnikoff (positive charged ion H+ goes to the carbon which has less number of hydrogens and negative part Br- goes to the carbon which has more number of hydrogens.) i.e. the attack of HBr on but-1-ene in the presence of peroxide gives 1-bromobutane as the intermediate which on treatment with NaI+Acetone gives 1-iodobutane as the final product and NaBr as the by-product.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 23.What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
Answer:Ambident Nucleophiles are those nucleophilies which can attack through different sites.
For example:-cyanide ions are a resonance hybrid of the following two structures:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
It can attack through carbon to form cyanide and through N to form is O cyanide.
Example: NO2, NO3- etc.
Question 24.Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with –OH?
(i) CH3Br or CH3I (ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
Answer:(i) Since I- ion is a better leaving group than Br- ion, therefore, CH3I reacts faster CH3Br in SN2 reaction with OH- ion.
Note: Better the leaving group, faster is the SN2 reaction.
(ii) On steric grounds, 1◦ alkyl halides are more reactive than tert-alkyl halides in SN2 reactions. Therefore, CH3Cl will react at a faster rate than (CH3)3CCl in a SN2 reaction with OH- ion.(bulkier the g8roup, slower is the SN2 reaction.)
Question 25.Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
Answer:The reaction of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol gives 2 products: - major and minor as shown below:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
And,
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAeYAAABXCAYAAADRcuarAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAABJ1SURBVHja7Z1PbxvHGcYp5Vw7OcdrgJUMJM2JMRnqbFOkcrNirRUfBBQsvQejICAQBeHIBpVDitxboOc2TgLo1KTnonZ8N/wBYisfIJG/gCSWs7vDHQ5nlrO7M/v3OTwwTIrcJbkzv33fed9nal9++WUNSl/TWm2tVqu9syyb/LuG7wiCIKiawpeQkUb2zaPNujWd6WKm80CNs93h0RbgDEEQBDBDqYO58dYeHX/CPu70rG9Fj0MQBEEAM74cP72cJpiPR/Yn7br1dmcw2aWPndRq67WTk/XaPP1tv4PfB4IgCGCuHJT9VPM0TTA/GXQ+mx3zcsc5vkP+Px6Pf7ffsn7a6Pa/9587v1HvvB5OJu/jd4IgCAKYKwdl02D215PdyNxxnHfvNa0XG629n5zx+AoLZgLrzW7/KX4fCIIggLnSUDYLZlHxl3VOouNa7WR9IWLu9b/D7wNBEAQwVx7KRCbWmWWp7Mnk4P1e3Xqz0dx7MYuarwLMEARBAHNlJYKyqahZBmYXzoPOLjkmKQADmCEIggDmKoOZTSlnBma2MhtghiAIApihIHqegzotMJOWqKN+5y4xGpk91wKYIQiCAGbIB7PJ9xdVZRMdDXe3turWGa3ABpghCIIAZnwpXhHYucljHO7f/IKvxqZq748e0b8jYL7Xsp6hVQqCIAhgRrQMQRBUYNkrNsnxNtMRb5xDHvNeP13DdwkwA8wQBEEJRIA7HNrXe3XrNGyTHJUi1Pb+6At8pwBzHsB8bsojG4IgyOikPoPuod14QsyL2GUxIn8J7YJ68QPMADOiZgiCIMPyPfWn7f2/PBI9PwNu6/5gcgtgBphLC2aTO1BBEARF1YOu9f2N+vapykY3ADPAXCigqYCZVm+bruCGIAhi5x3Zc56l77VfNnt/+lblvWRtm7R1E2CuEJhZoOUV0KvWmdNoqYIgCOKDmbB5h4JZFaZhm+n4j00B5pKDWXRh5RnQsqgZUIagYsGsyMtN7Ly5at6Zg9keHUWJmJHKriCYVS6sPAJaBGZAGYKKAzQ2AiwioKMul/m7052SrWMBZoA58Z1eHgHNprNV0kgQVBSd1GrrZTWOkI1Vdm4p6mdQkdOzvt2sd35xxuNrkvdei9vH7F03YrMSKOdgjgPkMEDnAc4o8iqmVjkfyaTbEcmfDN9Z1vJ7TOd/Kz5+Ujcm6r8ua6cpA5DDxmqeo2cdc+ex071D1odb9uFj/joh1xYp6rrfn9yOCmb/unlOz+1GvfEbKRrDPFMAMOuGWNaDiH4etEQVS6rORzLpTPGdnNTWvR3DlgpsvMnz5GR9+dikIIdUy07a7HNRi3tEmgx32+1641T02coMZNmNfx7Gtg4gs6JGImStmb0RPLQbj8n77zjHd6Je5+Ta+7TX/2p+HQ06uxutvZ9mkfkVzDk5BbPJVG9Wg4j9PDAcKdRErex8ZBrM5FxIX2nYuZD1QPZGgR673bTe8M/pALN7Pi37eRkmVJ2ZuSwArRvI3HXaml2nv7I3gzfqnddsfzO5BmeR769ki1nZ6/nrlsptp2raPwDMOQSzyQsrq0Ekqx6HmUgxFMX5yDSYV52LD+fLncGTzxaP3fllMOg+pBG+DMziFLk8XT8eH1wjr6cRUxmiZN1zS5GAnNHNxNp47Fi9+scvRUCHMgRzmkBOE9Bhn6lIxSNVVhTnI9NgftCzvgs7l/l+20xKkILZOR59QNb0Npp7L2bPXRWBmaQTCdgXoyJv7U8EZ3KjkPS7yQuQTWXnTN6A6wRyFsWoZFnGu4YWI28oYzBnCWTToFS90BE951dRnY9WgTmJI9Icur3+d2F/R6to6URHwUz+7xfyzCNqHszu89xe3d5rlten6U1L0u+mjEA2feNvAshpz790WcZfXmHHxBrmnozAnCcgmwBl1LtPfvAC0vkCc9LeSx2OSPRcVoGZj85ZMNNKWBo1yz4fW33uFb0t/00R09hlyMwVHchMpmhpzZotJINSBnMR2oXiDqKkKSGRgcEqVeoCI61FNvP5uQpkY2BWdD5ShSU3QSmlslXB7FXKisEcRMBe1MyDWV59vnzj4B6nIEVfec3MpTm3FGn+hVIEcxFNNaIMIhOtXSqKM0FFUZ6gfNi/9cd203pNP3u7u/fNwcPxR2bBrO58ZBLM81T2inMh69CyVDbzPm7UPJo4H7Jg9ttfLth0tiiqLlLvcp4zcypzS9HXkaGcgjnPaWtdgyiPF7wIsqqwD4vcs/o8XmFS46w7GB1QOPDrqSYUxflI5mQU2RHphH2f4L1WncvYca7ca1ov2EiWBzMbNXf7/T9T6MrS2qLHi9C7XBQQyWpbyrCOXJgsnPsdmc2+mZQ378i7J0p/QYgAnafBvwrCOiL3rCBNojk+jetBzSwgVJ2PwpyMooLZi3qD9WjaG0qBKjISmQb91pfsOp0IzPSGY+Nm45Qem5zHVt06Y1utXAiPDywezHlOYxd13uHHFoCcjsj4Jdf9ZmvvGb2eA7c8MayDG/B4jnlBW2JyG1sy79xrWc/4VkghmMt+QbCQytosRAZj05897WpyAisKZnqH6Pb1tuxnpgGh4nwU5mQUB8zd/tFdUaXqg+71p4yRCHsuT/g0dBiYSfGNOyH568d0gJNzPhgO3yPv6fWXWm/YNea8Fn2VKTNHvu+44wpAjpANCzJMC3MILdb0iySvLIGQvCbBFpZ+W6K2LTDJOX1Oxi7TCikEc1WcrfxK20zandKEcdQ0nEkwU4CQKLLd2v6viiWmlshZwfmIvxOnTkZRHZF8+M6rtvko1o+clzIiIlcl79ji86THoa8jNxfderCGT17nTJwmeYz+Td56l6uSmQOQ9csz7Gmc8eOSsbE9W7KxHe622RvaBFm4c5kLWtz5SZTxqiyY4w6kMk1EacCZjZgXodZ4kyfze91ORl5EfftVHkA4twTNSe9ylTJzALJezSNfwbVMs0w73VkUyhVbustM3c4zfnlH1TXPlvRsB2vd4te6WcKTk/UasynNUgaALE8JovzKgjnJna5ooBVxAJqGswjMdBDlxfxel5MRu7blrl03Gz/modCKRvd5SWNXdZ4BkJPLK2C03oqu5UUb26DY0lvGabzaH/XvLBVEKrjmMRkp17uAeuzX/FoVPxJfei3bkeHb8gqzddQMiJ8rMGASApquWbOvKdIANAlnGZi9AWG2MjtKNJnUycitgt7uf806g23VOy9hWQgwVyVTkIZktRfsc9TGlvoY0KLH0bHzAQ/mKK55tK6EgtmH7SWb2mb9BiiYXfBzx1iaO0j9B7epDsAcIxXFvx9V0atLjYDZhd50If2TlwphXU5GQZXlYkU2JlOAGb3I+uR2eUgybSy0R27h5wzSk9GHBI600FPmCKjimseCeQ5dQUqdpqbHk/H7Kna8c38BzhAJYF4Bq1VrRSyYaWFZQb8X7XD2WogaZzv7/UdDv2rYT//8Bhs/gLnsnxNRsoEbfQnoWDBTk6Hu9u1vaNGjCMxRXPNYMIdB3vdueHt/NLodBcz83wHMitGzCFoCKE+LbLmpG850II0GnYN5ZHqz8TM1HIEA5jKKuWEHkDXKjUYVwEz/lt1uVQRTVdc8Hsx8WlsHmPnoG2COCWhJtJwYzvaKKkGvkV7sGBNUCcZvgue/nyTHC7vDhQDmEn/G86rMp2kqrGh0yV9+ZLc++X3jZ7qktLRdagTXPGnELPDjp+1cUcHMHw9gjgloCZRj9yfL0yqeO0xcq8ikUXOS47mp7AJuMQgFkZ/uDBDmGSg2mOnascDeNqwwTATcKK55PJjn3vVc/cyUtia27Ofqa8y++Q+Kv5J/TnYtggVyggmQWjNe8A3s1MGK/nCmwcx/R3GPRwuidDbkQ+mPFbaoEcDC58xSMpjGAbOqa54IzO7/fdtf1lmQpsZJ/YzqXuyMYQrapTSnrBKblPil91PZzj8kLXN/MLmVIpjPdUTMUDnArBPQmGeguFqMVBeX1sLc8iiYWTc89rEw1zwZmOm8zHZ1sN0Y806NkFapGhNhw2DEwOdMCmjy46haJqYNyizBHGfLS0ifTNRQYJ6BEkXNXp/xWdrOgWHmJnFFDUpE74kBkzGgaYpFdS2WgtJfd16YSF2vZ0NgTut4ou8Tykzaaigwz0C6ouZg84fjd00ei7XcJGnqWfD0Rpdp0Nhxroo24wCYzR5DefIK64mTg9KdJC8EE+mFqlH74j7EvAJ7SV3Hg4o5VnT352OegRJHzTSFzGz7aPQ4mk2D2E19ZO+JAZOxwkrvwyLYJKll3qlqScwFjzXmyoNZq0EG5hkIUojWMWDyAGbrlN8RxSSYo6hsYLYVdpMRSXf/uHhnG/F7mO5dDxkr52UffwAzBDBjwAjludSI+/OYSXwtDigXU9Z25A0aygJm1T7xNL4HsqPVUb9zV7A8cNGyDx+TreLKenOEeQaCAOZCDBjaE+dOylzkM/W3F7vfn9yOOknT9gJ+W7KqgTlKn7jp72HeIhFyLnw7CMCMeQYCmDFgMhCdlNmGdaZpfb7jUZRJmqTJP+31v6LPEx/XqPsglwEKUfrETX8Pq87Fvw4uWRMFgBnzDAQwY8BkFTkLtiHkm+a9RnpxNR99vcxty21vato/RAFzkuPlRVH6xE2DmdiUhp3L3DGIuYECmDHPQAAzBkzZfuRabc2zm/v4ZdX2CY7aJ74KzEn6uVVt+mjNAYV3lr3kGH/4nBDAjAGjWaTQiKRPw+zqqgDmpODS0c9Nz2UVmPkIuUy95JhnIAhgrvSAoYVGfjERG2mtVQ7Min3iqrBkpZpOVgWzV1fAgxmpbMwzEMCMAVN4idas2UKy6oBZvU/cJJjnqewV5+JulylIZQPMmGcggBkDBiqFovSJy/q+I/ePn/CWp957rTqXseNc8T10n6P4C/MMBDBjwEDlzBwo9omH9X1HhaMX9QZrwrSy3T+XS5GRyDTot75ksxoAM+YZCGDGgIFKJ5U+8bC+7zhg7vaP7orW9R90rz9ljETYc3FNUPg9XAFmzDMQwIwBA5UzclboE2fF9n1H7ef24TuvnGYNQ5gofmkDEVFPeBl6yTHPQMYgNveLX8xAZSlvScyOXWiLAQNBgoGus+/bi2pvv6piuxrADJkWuYHeqltnYdtAJt3sJcpGMsHufZ4PP8CMAQMlvdPV1PfN3r27a9fNxo+iVDTAjM8JxZcTFEuG7s2c1Ign6nISGfOfz+C80dx7MTuvq0nAfE7WuUocBbnreCa2soPKEynr6Pt2W7S2+1+z7lxb9c5LRMwAM6RXnvd84ywsszUZH1iu+18CI544dR5kmYlE8vwyViQws3AuG6ApkAFlKEy6+r6DVNZiRTa+Y4AZ0id3nJFoOcRud+w4V4l3wGav878kDoBxCzBJe6QfNV+JcjzRBXVeFkAjSoag3AGrlDf/okAAv7dZTYa7bQJE2Y0zzYDdqG+/cSZOSwbmwLsgWEP21pSD5ai4YPaKPMWviwTmMgCaBTIGCATlD85lXDpDIJCuPFgGDnk8lI/6nbvEi4Bkq2Se+cTQZ7Dd+Af1LSBpZ3//9scik5+oG8nQ467a710ZzEUENIAMQYieMe9UQwSesv3laaU2jaZlYGYBfDxyPthvNv69f3jYIelvds/0uBvJUBveqF79se5y8zaQMDAgqPjRMzJzUBQREx/RhjDj8cE1H8KP+MiVhacomvUKNzv/atcbp2z6OW4qW3Wr19hgzuNAwsCAIAAa80415RZWCYDnOvY1914cDIfv0d9qOLSvEwh7trxep4UH1EUAz4HPReJJwRx1P/hCDiQMDAgCoAHkaovAUpTKlrnqsalokuIWGf/IKr2TgjlqNbjWgZTW4MDAgCAAGkCuOJhd/3v5Tm0LUbQ0ld14tTuctOljdG2a/TtSnR0fzF5aXXvxV5SBZHIQoeIRggBoABligahq4CEr/nqwc/3pZnfvPyTtPX548JGXdt77Yb/X+dvBw/FHR8P+H3a6f/prXDAzBih62qXyMogwOCAIShPQmHOKIbpNq+/Ut7YKzN269Zrf7IW8x6D38d/nm8h09/5JUuOTgX2LmA1Rc6A4G8nQPmq27SoTMOscRBgcEASlCWjMOQWMmj0Dj9ibRZgU37KVOZhFgwiDA4KgPAIac06xo+Zgs4jjd3NzXo5zVWVzjUzAzA4ilQGEwQFBUFqABpBLEjVTj/uQbR/TvlkgXvlJPPJzMYBQ2AVBUFqABpChvCvzAYQBAkFQ2gEA5hsIYA4ZQBggEAQhAICgHIAZgiAIAQAEAcwQBEEQBDBDEARBEAQwQxAEQRDADEEQBEFQfP0fhvfLWWToepwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
The 2 products are obtained because of the presence of two types of beta (β) hydrogen.
According to saytzeff rule, the alkene formed in greatest amount (major) is the one that corresponds to removal of the hydrogen from the β-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents.
When the 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane reacts with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, removal of HBr takes place giving two products one major and the other minor.
(In the major product number of alpha hydrogen=5 and in the minor product no. of alpha product=4)
Question 26.Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
Answer:The reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol gives 2 products: - major and minor.
The 2 products are obtained because of the presence of two types of beta (β) hydrogen.
According to saytzeff rule, the alkene formed in greatest amount (major) is the one that corresponds to removal of the hydrogen from the β-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents.
When the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane reacts with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, removal of HBr takes place giving two products one major and the other minor.
(In the major product number of alpha hydrogen=6 and in the minor product no. of alpha product=5)
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)
And,
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 27.Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane.
Answer:The reaction of 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-bromopentane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol gives 2 products: - major and minor.
The 2 products are obtained because of the presence of two types of beta (β) hydrogen.
According to saytzeff rule, the alkene formed in greatest amount (major) is the one that corresponds to removal of the hydrogen from the β-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents.
When the 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-bromopentane reacts with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, removal of HBr takes place giving two products one major and the other minor.
(In the major product number of alpha hydrogen=6 and in the minor product no. of alpha product=2)
and,
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAhkAAACNCAMAAAAtrJjFAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAWVQTFRFgYGB/wAAAAD/AAAAqqoAAKqqqgAAAACqVQAAAABVAAAAd3d3Znd3d2ZmZmZmZnd3d2ZmZneAZmZmXW5ud393f39dbn9/d3ddZnd3f3ddd3dmbm5Vc4BmZoBzc39mZn9zZn9mgHNVVXOAgHNVVXOAf25RUW5/e25RUW57WWR/WXNzWWJ/gGZGV3NiSGaAf2RESGR/fWRESGR9e2JERmJ7ZGRGRmJiRlVxN1d1N1dzc1czcVczN1dzc1UzN1VzcVUxNVVxcVUxSUdiR0ViRkVDZUYeJEZiZkcdJEdjZUcdI0diZUYdI0ZiNzRVVzQxSEYdWDUdVjUdJEZEJDVVJDVUVzUdJDVVVzUdIzVUVjQdIzRURyEyOCFENyFERyExNyFDNiIxRiEdJSFENzQdRyEdJSFFIzMxRyEdNyExJSFFRyEcJCFENyEdJSExJSExOCEdJCExNyEdJCExJCEdJCEdJCEdJCEdOzAoqgAAAHZ0Uk5TAAEBAQICAgIDAwMNDg4ODw8QEBEbGxscHB0dHigoKSk0NTU2Njc3ODhCQ0NQUFBRUVJSU1NqbGx5eXp6ent7fHx9hYijpKSlpaamp6exssDAwMDAwMHBwsLDw87Oz9DQ3N3d3t7e39/f3+Dg7Ozt7u7v7/z9/pP17QEAAAnCSURBVHja7V1te9u2FYXD1FFAbdnWSmmTda3tJHJbVbbcdYvrFzXb4vdt9RpbttutjZc1rZXEdiDx9+8BQImkSIkERNoQdc4HWxauAejwPBcgde8FIUooUEpvW4RM8R+EWIUbo5gBOryZSO7U/ZeMsYt5i6y9fcDfmLtc1TcDdHgzklzrSXuZELLSXhw6q4RmgA5vZpJbdx6L3zOfDJ1VQjNAhzczyd39pdx9OWxWCc0AHd6MJLd0tkW8Wc1TSmklYlYJzQAd3swkt3TmTWHNaTPGWNtZ1TUDdHgzk9zS2TpJ4MkSmgE6vJlJbunlXiJlJDMDdHgzlNzN1vvyzil4Lz1NKbXUzQAdeqONrpvbavtr/rhtqvKZf1b2AWPtJXUzQIfeSKPr53alvU4pbbCaf+qlvxAy90NZ3QzQoTfKyABuZ14xxk7LhKy8npV/8wdyFq0/K2qYATr0RhoZym2VPfttemaABm9GcmvdSOTKEpoBGrwZyu3cnymt/LuckhmgwZuh3JaeM8ZqaZkBGryBWwAAAAAAAADIDaYR3Z47dIPsJaJC7S0e+kTFG1OuaX8kvt18rN4XUib6QOmoBinCC7KXiAhauPkFj31qf/2OiIN6+6gvNErg4c8P1PvKJj4inl5jleE4oxqkB1+Q/aCrae26JnsWb/4v/xVSxu5hUaOvTJQRTy+UkQC+IPtBV7NrstJZImSt9eXFvFSGWBfcpePuWU2jLyjDYGX4guwHXc1t18RuHhXJWuvDg5M7QhkLHcbYG7l01LmNcl9QhrnK8AfZd69mX6i93dxxX222ymStVa52loQyqhv822ux7SC7Wzp9ZRPVD2Wko4z+qxIKtS+d7fhcwFqrbB+c3JH/V6D0vnghFhP1vrKJ6ocy0lHGOolZAbyr2ZDKINXOEleBvBMRl7VxWNTpC6uJwcrwBdkPuJp2s2uyLVcTYh+c/OFslTTaG66jkA8z1PuCMgzegfqC7KfFnYb/ct0UNx9dk18dHxaFMki186ezVbl4iJ/iYYZGX1CGwcrwgux5ZP2b+cDl2m4z9nq22hHPpaaedGpEKoNs/nS5OnfOw/A/4MoQi4lGX1CGwcrwgux5ZP3CUTFwNf8o8nOetvcopU/44uEqY+bcWbX3j96l9144q3L/qdMXlGGyMrwge0JI5e9Ff6j9Uzc/p8pvIdiyuPjS8ilbFiFypx8/X5YPM3T68of+QxnGKcODde+72f73kgS1726l1heUYaIybtZP+67cLULsfzyIdzq11PqCMgxUhrW715f2W/orpZXvy9fcF5Rx3coQe4RAaL29z28nrrsvKOP69xk5AZQBQBnAhCiDsVENgJHoBUcAAADAmEHlZIRgUoZ2e4Kh8nIYxlWyqzZcnKnKyQj9SRna7bFD5eUwjKtkV224WFOVkxFCSRna7XFD5eUwjKtkV224eFOVkxFCSRna7XFDjdNhGMPyyq6SXbXh4k1VTkYIJWVot8cNNU6HYTjOYG1cJbtqw8WaqpyMEE7K0G6PGSrZrKgZcJyB2siY3YI7g+6mVGG4eNPhJyNMy5FvhW1HbA8NNbinwZkdjkkYwH+W7IrabRzdL4KHDqfK8NCTEfjXzxxuhdpQUoZ+e/9QQ3oa7BaZGeC6GPBUO1N21YZTZljlZIRwUoZ2e8xQY3UYBhdGAkYyYDe0miQfLoGpyrETPttIhNuD66/XHkfTOB2G4Qz5GixTdkOryaDh9GamcuyEzzYS4fbg+uu1x817nA7DGPb1Z7bsJhxOd2Yqx054ttHob6eOQyPbY5eIvByGkSW7SYfTnpnKsRP+pIwoBNtpaNPebY9P18jLYRjZsaswXKoMp3A0Ah18O6eLvByGYe7niJtZKkcjyBv9FGuO5eUwDHM/R/zMUjkaQd7qp+g08nIYhrmfI35mKR2NwB8BpRi5mJcDG8z9HLozo+rKIEB29Br0TEf140Uqg0ID+vSO8dSdWGXAj0AZUAaUAWVAGUo2DMqAMqJtoAwoA8qAMqAMKGN0ZTAKZUAZkTYOlAFlRCuDQhlQRpQNC0sDyphcZfjjgsPSgDImVxnMoZ44mD+Bi78PZUzwasLzc3p6EK+7mX6MQRkTvs9gvmWkm8clw3igjEnfgfp3GMwX2wVlTPy9CYtOEYcy8qcMpvjxGHPwDDRdenMjfIZnoEC08COcBsrgAtHPQAEgQhrjXt0TCGKUqq3BrcZ4V/cEglApPxqoAROx44QycgSVaqeyGFiwzG0gegfKyMQxXw9Uqp1Kg823DwY5DShjdMdsDFSqnUqDuctFQqbfsejtCGUMr4oJxzw+ylCpdup+qnqnRuzmXt2tD+OElpuo6p6TjXEqp+0pYzX5dRXS+d3xUZHYzc4GVpNMHLM5ylhPfl1d6ezdInZzB/uMbByzMZNWqdoqDUovTu5AGZk5ZmOgUu3UNVhwFqGMzByzMVCpdtoz8CmDQhnpOmZzoFDtVBpYX1zMesoIlEqIL1M5mRincto+JK8pKndPlfMNbwdKUawrZcds/oeJqCm6IkukL/NTEza6LgMBGek6ZsORtNopXEbqjtlwJK12CpeRumM2fTedrKYoXMZVOOZxBFzGVTjmMQSFMK7AMY+ZJrCWANHLCBXCgMsAwjtPCAOI2nk6EAYQrQwIA4hcTBzsPoEBLgOJi0DYZTDGUj0oC8gHoAkAAAAAAAAAGGdYhVtq/zB92wJrk4DK+bMimaJSHtM0WD7BoqFyCvb+xTxYmwD8+vjbIs9dO+ERofZxX/LaQkQym/3NyR3wln/UL2ZFVuPFI0LIw/M+JVRZRO7OzPkSeMs97GORDr3W+idPZNv+F8+BtXpVrwoiV8kqyD97VUs2T4pgLu94eFmTyviy9T65+5/PuTIWOoyxN/MWKT1vO4vEqpyLP72qJdVg3SMgj1hrleWvDw/WSePw91wZ1Q1x9R+5FY7qnWVCqp0lr2pJ6WwRzOUdjaOiK5CvWh81a25FhQKl98UrkV6+JVeQ93rZxHZzHczlHds7XddRevm3X8pCGbLgm+MqwxXLwttPfcrYAXN5x2ZPGWTTeSyrsDTaG916LHOXi6JkXr8ytsBc7vcZvdWEzPw4K/QgNdFThluYpX7hVwYqlOQeX8naGu5GVOhhTjyu+KC3zzjYu0HI1O6ht8+4ix1o/iFlEFCGvX/0Lr33orvPIFVeY6HRrnm7i/oF7lpzD/tgjz/SWjl1lfF8WeY1nn7MX8m6vLzGwutZr2qJtXuIJ135R3Xo92Pug7AgKuc18DYBTuObk0FFNKwCbfwvnCz/G/EdHJB7zLwaVHhn5hWTJXqCUtqPeBMAAAAAAMAE/B9PCj+NJCJ5FgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Question 28.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Ethanol to but-1-yne
Answer:Since the conversion of ethanol to but-1-yne involves the addition the two extra carbons that is why the conversion is carried out in 3 steps.
1. In the first step ethanol is treated with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) in the presence of pyridine to give chloroethane.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
2. In the second step the acetylene is treated with sodamide(NaNH2) in the presence of liquid ammonia to give sodium acetylide.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAWwAAAA1CAYAAABladEyAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAydSURBVHja7Z1Nb9vIGceHznWzue6mGt12zzEnvrU9bWV6X3ITElrwpUGEQDCINnagg5GVcguwRc/d7SEvl2R9L9DGzqkosMgn2HXsD5DYHyG2y+FwqOFwSJESRcrW//CHE/FtODPPj88880YeP35MIAiCoPkXMgGCIAjAhiAIggBs6PJVREKWkA8QBGBDc67BYONzm9h7G4PB5xLevqycoLd8XSFkNwL+rna9/n9xzS4+EBCADUHTAJv/mxH6i7M1vJHrWs9ZpsQ6XmLrzzmInzzpfuJQ+rPjDZb5cf3/0TXU+bn75MknyH8IwIagKT3spActFfeMJXydm80fv+rt2AA2tJDAbseMJFLUrDwfGZKV3kw9t2aZ+HFprCOd53HAWOY0F3te0XvOQ9lM42HLf/O0Dlz2nf/3Y6hT0nD2VdBK+Hqdldvcy04Dtg9zJvNwp/cVmwdgT1NOeep+XTZXlV3IfFpoYPOM9bx2gxHrUDGUjxahx2GlDzJos0W3CKEnqucSb6aSE9ra3JpVRc+TxjrSKZ7Hk0hPuMeng8lP3FHR5xW9Z51lUyawRVrtt9LzNnnGEbCH3mdO8+aP7Z3elwlgN8h+AHsD+MN4+VIdMe1JyqlI3a/a5pKtoRGgZ2EXXB3HubtILaXE1+p+iz70/5xSp/dAPdZz6ANe0Vln+G2dUCiSxvqATU+aTfIrsddfqAY0HbDz3/OyAHvYYd8S32tOhDL6/asSsCrEhxvsG+p0BnlDIp7nLt9sNv9FKf0vpWuvNvr96/MM7KJ1v2qb4/mvwlyKbQy/Kdsuwo7kK26rda/d7V6rqoUxV8AWzU/rnDreA9PJwy3nhrMx/EOdUCiSxjLTuZtz2Jl4Hjva2Fi5K72PrIqZ5ZVMes9LA2y/LDlIpUHKUEbHoQMJchXYHM5rlL5qNBr/KxLDlh4gB0tZ77SbY6RL0XIqWvfrsrlZ2wUv01VKXketpeBv833ejupLA+x1m/hfPnYom6BlN+fKUJE0lpXOoII02U/584UduQPvC4eSPdJoveEeYVrFDLxIYp3FvRL6IRl+yn/PiwhsRth/RqNExL8VDy4WyvCB/b0P7KcSFj58X0r4Ci9vZLwhsF+qxqxew493nJW/MOb8IPO0DHUY/du4EEXRcipa9+uyuarsYqFDIjLTCOs8KwJCtTMn1qkzAygUTWNZ6ZwE2IGH6MPDdxPOmDv4LrVicsCE8FF/s5RYX9F71lE2lYB9RqM7hp73Gf8IlBlO4B+FJmn+mgXtIuU0Sd2vy+aqsosQ2H9eaGDnNeRRJ0KsM+ej0kw5z7qXjEGlK9kJNEmsa9p0TgNs4d2NvIms9Ku977xzx1bOK3rPMt55HqV702XEZmWnI2/2pzX5JxVvHWR1BhYpp2k65qq2uarsYhFlKpjtKkIN64w8NXVQRNK+rpOkcZp0qpW7221f+1OT/bPteY2syq1XzJFXILwJU8WUve92ovd9ZKxF7zmrkMh4g79YeuQu36KU/Zsx9hP/Gy/f6cXrTatB3vCyYO7mug7tIuU0Sd2vy+aqsgsAm5BD3oNbBbCn+NrnTuM06dQrN69c4yq3qWKq3kRvp/2lAa7bvPddvZ9egSe4Z+nA1jp6oJwK603gReudmhMAu1Ddr8vmqrKLhQa26Cghzwixj9KGN8mxlnV52EXTWBa8Jg2JxGNvvjfR6dxTK1xaBRwH7Kx7Fn1ngxFbi2oMZetJv3s19LA/rHS829M6E0Xrfl02V5VdLDywwww8pa37D/VZR7yJwjtCHHfwx7o87KJpnBdgR5We0t9iXpN4/rHsfJHq99u/s8cAO+2eRd5ZeDnWnt4LD9iWEx8XXiL9kDbcrGjdLFr367K5quxi4YEtO0pIUDi9bbUwe0HlE4Pg6/Swi6RxnoAddJj5lVDtSBLjhslrq7G6L8ca80rpexHvsmLYWfcs8s6Bx8Lc76P78aFU2tTvumUaz3yeHKNrmY/tqmuSxGDUzgBUGfIhZlPCfnG9wRdlhuuK1P26bK4quwCwlUxsEvI+XqD2gZrZogDNg9Xl9fqsqDKVJ41lpZNXoFbz5j/yAFs8L5kO1WDU54mJIuRAfQd36N7gv8nzit5z0ncWE1PWXs0DsOXEiTs2/bsKtJHnmmwVcFj31GMhgPTFpaTxZwFqWq0z+sO4iRyTllPeul+XzVVlFwA2tLDNdwGx/MuazlpymjMfFpc1SzFab6Tfvx6AnK691j84KrAlrMuc1QhBADZUWchBTD2evYdWVKZp5UE8VWkq86Fzq5TuOl7nax/K+6ahlxLY7Z0248PEAGsIwIYupGcdTDu277yYx5EiJmCrTWglLHLsdJy7fCMD9fcl5gabGkSz9Qg5Fb9htxkIwIYumMwxyfEdSHUDW5UYOWDvdf7qrKmhErmsKp9uLjxs+pbfh8NeQHt+1gOHIAAbuvDevwx3iKndiT0bg3BIMCyRrT+VK/XJdTnkMf7x0TsdObTFaAd42hCADUHTe//62srKiA41JKKOGNBbDPKYvgJgNGtzhqNEIAjAhiAIArAhCIIgABuCIAgCsCEIggBsCIIgCMCGIAiCAGwIgiAAG4KgkgwuWv61ukk7YqIRJglVrUnyXVmz3AKwIahmid3QrWNCV19XsYytnKJP2Prz5Edj8XYXmvbd815vyvc8ZcUndMmNmwFsCKpRfbllmGEJ2CqBHWxUQcg5X2dl0cpAvLt504j814/Pu0mALa/jmzfIHeUBbAiqSWIZW3pc5ZrjRmCH0/4XcZnZqYGdM+8mBXbwjHAXHn2LNAAbgqoF5xvCOs9Mx837Lca2OLMM+zBaGU32K9EiWGNCImmxVtPv8jeSsk1bO8cekePSXOT9TOcl81KszMjPe+Qu3+LAlouEyXSmhTr033Ocl5rv49KnKtjrsuG80VtiMCYIqkBij0frxOSZcQN22dJzbZnbU2nsJNzoNr7et9gaTQVH2nmUkt+SIZGRl7nOyHN9L880D1Gc23qz6a648hl85/Nl99GtaOs1mX6xzrqVz+u1zrQ1zjPej3xQ80mGJ6IVHhvWvnpcrMx4boXe8SkPaYR/o4XFoh3cNa9WLzeTh54338elT/fkLUNLAMYEQRUobRPayPOmzp4KzKBZTJ2X/DcRSrHOYisTGgBjOi/avKFMYHO4KisdBt5gAMHRDvFpO5+nhhm0lRMlsHxo2/I34R1bZ+pHj58n3zeE67F6LxleoK3N7ayQiFh7newRe/1F7H35Bh+EHcpyM12fN9/zpE+/Xo+Vw5ggqBpgb5t2pJe7o3MP1eSNjsCZDKWozea0kEt6p+M0Hnb8XFNH3CQxXDWc4nnthu0DS+6QPgKgOaQUwVX78Okfy6wYtic2Cj7i+4Py//f7G9eDNDjeg7S8K5LvedKnX6+DHMYEQRUoAJ0BXiGI3vne8nkI7VhsVoJKgisZShDwkODXPbIqgG16dhFg893uBaCtQzUswvMkAnbK++keKW3df6jHuGXcmr9vFrB1b9fUSaxfnzff86ZvXP7BmCCoAgXecAq8xI445CAOK9ExlgWqywLsoPVBrFM1VKB/qMYCOzwe3Efb8k6o+Z6Dd9wokajV0u9fDTxizXOeGNg50zeuZQVjgqBqQiJbppBIhrf4ToCh83UIru3EedIDvMDATmtBpAI7JSaunL+d9bxxwJax85bbumfqJJ7ew85OnyEksgVgQ1DF0uOjkQGK4WBL6TD2fi86w/iIi9FIAh5GuKPEREMgHHIgqLHwfrf9aTBZJwPYwquMT9QwXTcTYKd0TorNlRMx7EN95InIv3MrmnASHE8OJ5R5bOrMNID/UHSijjobU4GdM9/zpm/0/iJ+jk5HCKpBaWASv9tv257XUOOawTC/cPq6HI4mhn+J470gjEBOVQ+w538U5LRmeR6HMR9NkgXscMTJqYyhiw2MyZ5+3SyALUFmNVb3293uNf58OTxQjWHL9yNKOmX8V3YKyj09l5j7nGgdmIyw1xy+svWi5qUOUNEJ6D9b6WzM8tBz53uO9JlaTwA2BFUsddiY6olFGwLrMU19mJu2wbAe89SgFt1npePd1jccFh+A+PXx6/xjvmdv2qg42ABZWwdFpk39eBTZ6DgZw7cP3KF7g/+mDpUbpT079mvKz6zNmvU0Zs1INeVd3nzPmz5eP9JGlMCYIKgihc3x1IV9oPoVwTJj+OCsJSfhmCZZoZAgqEIvWy7s0+72P0WezJ+yZqRWoSj2nbJAGAoJgqr0smVzvKLlVaFiCkI+xD7QOxur+qCLcIk53AVgQxAEXSAhEyAIggBsCIIgqEz9HwSEZbBPykVPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
3. The last step involves the reaction between chloroethane and sodium acetylide to give the final product as the But-1-yne and NaCl as the by-product.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 29.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Ethane to bromoethene
Answer:The bromination of ethane (Br2 in the presence of light at 520-670K) gives bromoethane which on further treatment with alcoholic KOH results in the alkene called ethane which again on bromination with Br2/CCl4 gives dibromide(vicinal bromide) called 1,2-dibromoethane which on treatment with alcoholic KOH gives bromoethene as the final product.
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)
Question 30.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Propene to 1-nitropropane
Answer:Propene on treatment with HBr in the presence of peroxide (anti-markovnikoff’s rule which states the negative part i.e. Br- goes to the carbon which has more number of hydrogens and positive part i.e. H+ goes to the carbon which has lesser number of hydrogens) gives 1-bromopropane which on treatment with silver nitrite in the presence of alcohol or water gives 1-nitropropane as the final product.
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)
Question 31.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Toluene to benzyl alcohol
Answer:Chlorination of toluene (Cl2 at 773K) gives benzyl chloride with the removal of HCl. Benzyl Chloride on further treatment with dilute KOH in the presence of heat gives benzyl alcohol as the final product.(dilute KOH removes Cl from the benzyl chloride and replaces it by OH)
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Zj5aQgnV3zw9Fp72XAt21cuiVUPxzFDTqAYywcL8oSPMLupUxw5AEo/k4plgUyh6PS3o7zNeC4ZnC0LOvnhw3tXehXTDUO35mWdZ2fOcqUVWdwNEZjwLGclYK44BH2nlxZ4EhgHPdbB0FgJGFZIFs4lsjXod8WVCY4Kp9liw+hzMEyORy18612/y3gWG44ykKxTHDsDidND4xXYsmUT+6wLFBdOIZBURVvVzITiXgIpcqyl4Ejyexor7f11hd75rkZ0i8beM+xOlAs8h5llwaYz3r9g3+QXyl5C9q5imWB6sIxDRQBxxyhqMI0fdVwPDXb96lk1TCOX4jb42kTBG3iedSf3F1HOGb5C+x5eTfNd2/GrdnkoSRLA67P+HVzd4NZKByxLJDI2yr7OizZk/G2zHok4JgRFNcBjiS2q4+CDJ/NHxv1F9Q3bK1n3eCY1Q/M5hxAEkFRDDwq9j+DI22y8Ur/n93qxkRbhCOWBdImfir5Om0FJGqWCTjmCMUywpFAt6PXv/Lb3Tk4Nmw4fg1av2H/xmdqO3rrE7/RgWaZYeeuWABZ+C09FYJJllBUeS+ACDHy5p6ufdu6c/jRtE5v8MdiWWA5bxft6zyguEpvS03Ty1CCSgrFokpQkNqQLNq7af2rOhSjZnis/O+uP87L/1gWKCckl03YioaiLBxnnax4CSpx56fJ0iEEkqK9W3b/hkGMlf8dEJ7NN/BgWSBbb6sORZUSvsSdrFgJClCEsg4kufp8XaHIzwbDyvceCC+22/1Xvr/BskBmkMzD11WDYiI4qgBJPmsEFKGyBZN1hyJUXV9XDYqp4FgEJJcJDAgqUNHBBFCEKu7raVpvq75erux0PUMoKrutHap+MAEUoRL4+iKtr6vsbeWm68tuaS/jDj5ofTJuQBFS2Nu5bdopo7eVCR7LzhRV2PoLrSckswoe8C6kgq+zTPzKnPDlmoUkgWTa97wwU4RUyLbTBhMxeKBfoapAsuwJ30qy66zLUEV+pRAEZVEtQQkVqiokq5LwrTR4ZJxlY7YIlQ6SgCJUUm/Hxu6qebuQ4JF2TRJQhMoGyRAPw7tQZZK/qiZ8hXZyimwEgQUqZbaNdUWoqpCsalwuPHiEQRLrilCFAskFkjqoyt6u4j0qk4WIkEQJFYIgCFpLOEZBElCEIAiC1hqO6zRVhyAIggBHCIIgCAIcIQiCIAhwhCAIgiDAEYIgCIIARwiCIAgCHCEIgiAIcIQgCIIgCHCEIAiCIMARgiAIggBHCIIgCAIcIQiCIAhwhCAIgiDAEYIgCIIAR6jKOjurXavVDPr9zo1SDRq7vUZG7Xb64Ozs2iqulVWbFttX+0n2ePh7Pfydh2+T+FKmTXHezf2hFjG4MajLMQAft7W3O3r9mzE6bdBnU/sz9mPXfk2V8s7pyNht6vVzu927MscH35fru8cd7c1Wp/8mq2tlMRbj2iS0r7Gna9+22v23ZYMA/J2f57L0bRpfyrQpzrtxD3XXCHyYi4N8lZ2UkQEwqAvUyaD1YEe/dz6cTG6yz0bG7fG2rl0Jv+t52TRGY5WeURJP0/g5NuovxN8q3WocfDCtf/2ySjiS53f/Wv8/FqyzCkKTydHNjq6dt/vjA3h7vfxdZjjGeTfyodIftnXtE/8gbU29/7qfNQ7fmZZ1vWxwxKAuTqZpXu81tA/N3tNn/OcUPLYahx94P7n+0X7sDybdxeoGS9D8syFWfvEfM0/iaqEZvKMNV8ZPQaCjLF/W0xPrSOvom1+Cxsjj9q1Xzd7oGRvwYW0Nu9biLMQ/+3DPN92YH+f2UdDMUTwXJcd8EIrq69mz691+vq23vtj3uQl/r4e//dd32xnn28W/md9XnKfjxkrcecLaFOZdqYcqA7okDTqruQN34e+FEucyBpEd2BjUamTVYcHDso42CTC8J+mZDjp/ecMSNKpydIfjPd8gavffDjra6/lM7dCZqTmeNNv3xZmcl9Ff7Zun991/93uCb4ds8CDIbDeM91HJY2xbA65FY0Wcjbqzj/mYovM2jOMX3myF+ujro4HxROZc1A8MjnF9LSaa+4OTB/D3mvjbbodvouScc6KFxn37vh5z90V/y5ICWU9H3XfcecLuK8y7Ug9VJouVbZBlWT+7AB49XzCOkK0uYxDZgY1BvXo5g6rz++uF2Qd54M7hx6Ph8L9YQjPutw5o0DFPsrI///fiYPcGrRMIOM+9J08GtccyzV/Ik2yGxzzBH8+PDZng4Z6Dgo3f5yEBJrStQdeisWa35TPrE6+9n/n2ssBFs9Oo8Suei8/QZfral1zbY3GZshf8XR5/kwadX//NSvSsDQz+4jlm99UwZlUUKvPv946fJPR05H1HnSfqvoK8K/VQ4+CYpEEycMzCIEkGNgb16hT2/F+Gr8lcuLOv0xu8BynJYQHGNM0bD+9oH1kWGrQ2EZS1s8TOXWP3A8LxhHe86CWZ4BFWLpNZR+HbKl6LQVc872TQ6vJBls4r9rHsuVibZPpapo/h7+r5218FXAR9wOaX0HMm8XTUfcedZ/DU6Ia1Iaj/pB5qFByTNkgGjlkYJMnAxqBeffBIElz50rfrK2fdWywbXbBESTZ41NyKx8m2Xv8ublKZ+2fSnAy7TdmBnjccw64tfi4Dx7BzsTbJ9LU45gHH9fA3m5EaNCP17UkJhqMIOplJV5Cnk4wV8TyPBgd/DwV0gHelHmrUTSRtkAwcszBIkoGNQa128OATMDbIotaIZYIHBQ4309Wu+NKj0E6nEuEsGXBrh/JlVX/pSpSTsSsPR/n1eIyj9fE3W6Pc3u+/CprpAY65wnE5gyQZ2BjUBZSdAqARGjy8XZ/OZgL3FZzv4g5jb0PYhmzwGA+7e3QefnAvtMfJ6Os/mrdtyHEbJqQ3LOzfesVvUuChOBwatx4Zo6N0ZdXFHdYUCPn9AvJlVf96OyuxeWXV2L4Wl1cAx/XwdxDsYsqqDfv/f+b3fLi7ZqcbSTwdX1YNP09UWTXIu1IPNb6sKt+goEVUNv3nyqpLGyTJwMagXq2c9Y52/21g8BA2LDivFnT+8mZHb83WTOg1CPKWfdwtdgw9Q9mqAst6g67F745j3hY3qUm/yuG9CiW21cvoL/lXOZJkw8d2UOPPSaB1ZqncDEEGjgzgdC3WD+Oh4QRV1qa4vvYlA8IaP/xdXX/zsKPzWpap0bnC4Mjui97vnXutu9fujf6exNNxSUHUeaLuK8i7Ug81rtOSNoiO5wck7ZSiYMHf+LIGSTKwMahXq7CNUcdOJrtYBg96T1A81g4un/jgst32Z8zO8d55Qra6u7ushRJUkDdkX6bnvRy6PBDX1pBrife/2G73Pcq4dlOy+rChveP7+uE97Q++TVF9LZbZgqAJf1fT33wbqX2DQfsJa2fYOcSxwPtFxtNR9x13nrA2hXlX6qHKdFqSBi0MSPuGnb8PuvGUBpEd2BjUhZWe3kdVKdRoJ7whq6BXQuBv+LvM3i3lQ8WgrkZ2TbN6O5HRVP36PqeiEfMS/7qLnp3lrJlp50gi4O8qebeUDxWDuhpyy971r7LlyVVn/1TdCNrpB3Hxwll70r6KVRwI/i67d0v3UDGoIQiCoNwnUOgECIIgCAIcIQiCIAhwhCAIgqAk+n/Ub+3epxHJSQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Question 32.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Propene to propyne
Answer:Propene is treated with Br2/CCl4 i.e. bromination of alkene takes place to give dibromides, in this case 1,2-dibromopropane which on further treatment with alcoholic KOH gives propyne.(two times removal of KBr)
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)
Question 33.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
Answer:Ethanol in treatment with thionyl chloride(SOCl2) in the presence of pyridine gives ethyl chloride with the evolution of SO2 gas. The ethyl chloride on treatment with mercury fluoride gives ethyl fluoride (the Cl of ethyl chloride is being replaced by F from Hg2F2).
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)
Question 34.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Bromomethane to propanone
Answer:Bromoethane on treatment with alcoholic KCN forms Acetonitrile with the removal of KBr. CN is added in the case where there is a need to increase the number of carbons. Further the acetonitrile is treated with CH3MgBr(Grignard reagent) in the presence of ether, the intermediate so formed is hydrolysed, and the product formation takes place i.e. Propanone and NH3 is obtained as the by-product.
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)
Question 35.How will you bring about the following conversions?
1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
Answer:The conversion of 1-chlorobutane to n-octane in the presence of Na metal and dry ether is called Wurtz reaction. Two equivalent Chlorobutane reacts to give n-octane as a final product and NaCl as the by-product.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAikAAABOCAIAAABqnxGCAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAADttJREFUeF7tnb124joQx537LJAihycg59wetkmVNh2U0KRLSbcNlNBtmyrN4icIT8BJEWjuk+SO5C/JCCxjjY3sv5vNJvJo9JPk8Yzk0d3Pz0+ACwRAAARAAARqJPBPjXWhKhAAARAAARAQBGB7MA5AAARAAATqJgDbUzdx1OcDgePq8XF19EFT6AgCfhKA7fGz3zqtdTi9U65p6AgGiXUmy5FKEAMCrSUA29Parm11wyZb2iQjr20whslodV+jce0kANvjQ7+KF32EgMw9NVoflvuFiI+JONnjo/CIpqvVY2qQCJ6ZHZVP3CcqEE7Hm2Azpt8kpd9f4j/Hv9DLC22UGl05Xz4MR+gIAg4I6LZHmV1y2hlDEHrEQ5nX8u6TaW7+bU71szKjCe5cbAWZpFHdBBz0c8LRGKtKuj3Xd75YvN79YPd1kJB2gzfhC61ns7fJ5kPag/BjM3mb9fIMqc39L1mYrsPz+8v363YSSHfqMyody/o5LIP57/CkfLwalNQ4ctNJV0upe0xWmEEcqtY9Kys0n0lVJrFMnSXGuWZ7jn/fg+UhCWYclkN6DdTMjyQ+3mdl5MTsV4p5cMhMnrSOVWUSy0Qg9xgr6tzhcLijZ+zVD7/mbjx+74cPfVl/8m8QjF6Xe2F8wo/98tVgGA5fu8jLEVd/vkusV9aMRBaZNvrlufJZjY0B4Bg/HDKZpg+TWBBgIpDOE8329Gaf8Tuf+Htv9mc5DOK3R/kGOaU5OlwelDJU6JPsz8PV845DJpOqTGKdEAinhavkBZ0bDN7eJsFGBq+8ugS/gcGx6f163i+m08X++deJ00MN7D8MaSgn71nCV7rsuZQtXxtDJ+Mnpy2HTKbpwyQWBJgIKCOteL1n/x0/jSh4EQSm8EVvNrs24sAhU4xGBlWZxDKpavnoSztXlCdXgVyflzPWJ+d8N7z+lLosd+Nga7YbvdnbYLMxmaXozerzT5As6ESLPKOnibbeozE0lLdkzFuMY/xwyGSaPkxiQYCJgDoZLtoeEWcIBvfRa2OkzNO1VsY4AzlkMqnKJJaJgMXzTuvcqDw9rSfBhcBbtrmMtpcN5v2mtj+M1oq/khke3bOjhUKKxRnjbTEd4bOnl3DmY7niR1UW/Vo6RSfltVIWyKsVOYbhqU/KMX44ZDJNHyaxIMBEQJsBF2zPcbXIWxuL4PaOln+0i+J0F+echUy6n0NsaZmkh4W2pcVayKz21DLcbehcUUq4PmcCb8kTOBZGTkKwe/97uxG64+rFGItzjrIugb3g27wcZzF+mMYkh9jSMpublbeiql8E0vly1vbIcB/t+ykIg59MPD2ILvYQ0dOs+sUhlkOmGAbaMoIzAtUZZhLOd+5l10eNu9GO5Ju+hJdSdvDedIOC0ez1e7oyOD/FajONSQ6xHDKZZqVHqt4iAbPtoR0O9GghtLnJe7oZqHjYF5XgkCkcpXjXbVH1Jf/OIfYambnVl/EmWwARXuelaNi5zk0cGrPrE2162SjfdE5UdPnd+brvi/+5IdCfb+bjk1DnNeOnaNhzyGz/rCyiCgIqIYPtEV8ynOxno3AMBVnUXW8WnAuLcMikSj0Se62q+pLHz3airsWkn6icdsCZzlULGl2f8LccEmc9CW0tRF2Nwc8OCRyWk+VW22d67fi5NDU5ZHZjVhY88DwCy6SqBihvey48myJ1DJtwj6uV1Wch2rtxtCe4skySoYqN3/crizXIdKEth6qFBj4rYGF4ZOHRmj6z3CwW+/RWWrbPdp2UqBFFHRIIV7/v17ORvmPc6VCPP9SrLPO/LGOE4oJXFuvRrKxP1Vt9Lhme9rm5oH9bKj0eeoNWv+DJbhDZS2gTrubzixr68y+rGXb4GiRZuCgNylhan6oySYQiljZfRVuEq4o1yWQSW1VVK/SRib7UuboYud16l20SoY9ltD0IFPK79fUeWy7elDsG96aPZKuOH45Z+V8209MpyTR9mMQ6pAoC6dNen2uq7aEv38XTRl850DLrRF+SikwGyUXf9ZE9sVvTHa3TcrTBN/1svJJMOfRSsfQBYNI8Z6oqMkk2h9hqMi2fncWdqwmSgTflIh23k2xfz8cThfksay5VTM0lLd5rsoUruyzTdqVKqWQurFZ0NmOcg3oyEb1RzuVxPtSdzcp/jVOSafowia02K80PJSZVmcQ6I6CMK21GOIxGW4mKHlknO0Ss7i0oRKKdy+WQKZIvO1Y1v97jAmczMpKkanKDpLjiXYOWxLLbmdWvrSLmdsTJwJlmpWWvlW2jR2I9UpXluXThaR+U7XY35cXGa311vKJcYdKcCow6wrlMPrEVAd7M7elDfTsZLrdkf6TxEYaIflCe+NFvIgMlBrjo/cwXk7eqL1naW4l+l/oZgCymfRaQjqpM+GSrVqRppXiD8sasJq43Locd53ZW+jV9OLTlkMn3AGHSNv7IxPBwLs6p4yxucFxNeZKFif3GFASyjPzZtYdDJtXMJNauTX6UohinzCFISUCff41+PQfiA1aRCNWcly3LXU2pB+QmiTgX9SjJWiAtyUkuqDT/tCFBtbJpLzmfgXouS0y7HqkVZWv/Yvc6ZfiJXYlgHAUM9XzYt9YJPLOSaZx7JNYjVVmeSzbjyuFrU5EobYXAmZNy8u2qA8kcMk0fmTpQtQi6f3+PHBrh9cQOz2Qbez3SsUmYZX6P+i1vPhRmfplL5cVvkZpBoAq0kZq4Qno8V60o+VmvXP4vV9MNdjjDrPRr+nBoyyGT7wHCom3xuGoo5ubfExEa10YgjlPFz2lt2UeJnkc/qs92oWDOJJyJmap35SXoMlSrpxkfk+3RYlan+uXtYm1AUREI3CCBGmNutxZtgD43SoA2dAe7XZK2VpwMt9vFGW1p73eyy3KxN+VqynJRhzIdYbZp89whE6cJqvt09I9ysk9EiaJslD012t4pRJmSXovNgHSCd3RR9M38qcKNUodaIFAvgTuyh/XWiNpAAARAAAS6TgB+T9dHANoPAiAAAvUTgO2pnzlqBAEQAIGuE4Dt6foIQPtBAARAoH4CsD31M0eNIAACINB1ArA9XR8BaH/nCciUw00dgF43/U41tm64peqD7SmFC4VBoG0ExOHiwVI7FajxJuppZJ2qI5JWqKmlnQqHsBIEYHtKwEJREGgdAToVMFj+memnArWulXqD5Gdiv60OHWs5iSabB9vTJH3UDQINEwg/NkMlU17kcKwoQ2J8nfsk105t5QCxk5iedriY9lfhie2C5MSOx1WoHEWXBQctVFVOltfbIY4IkVkDcTVHALanOfaoGQSaJpAzPVKd3fyLMvPKazvZRGc8XnPJ0wqT4yJFVghFElmF/vuzSNgX1TP4OmRV9GZ/KP9rksLoc5amhZUpzSixRSrokqrifMMks6s4vUw3fiIvBYzPNd3q7B7YHmcoIQgEfCQQpyvKVB8u0/NRxcGJ+2+Rjbv8JU4rzESJk3A3iziR/ZHyHQ3VQJ9y1FpBRfIE3fQ6r2pURdIQ4efsVPMWBNS0a1tWngXuMBCA7cGwAIHOEjh+75Pzg20ZaKGyNDQXJbk7uRS7Rnn5tD+fmLxLCiiV0sHvtqpm5+xSer3N1UbUtjqUK0cAtqccL5QGgRYREIladXegsHHK4UZabuT04HpVguJZkJnTZNs7HXp87iTh/3mNcydWILVrYefWWgC2p1bcqAwEbo2AvREop7mIju3S3WS0nW6XHuAnQ2Dzl+woyXCa2wtATlJiFIXRyrZDiEiejR5yN4GyVkWek17F4StJjm4jDmXcE4Dtcc8UEkHAFwK05L4TB8NyXOQhiTX++EiJ/fKguEajtfjIJj6TgiJi+4e+poJcHopufQn+KEVfvgamszMM+osq0hMt7mjXwxOdbJtetMkiOaWDo+2QWUwAZygUM0IJEGgvAYpoLR5u68tSftjxQenGOCF/7ahBEoDtwUAAgU4TEM9h2u7cpdWQTtrbmxvkiLndXJdAIRCok4D4moa+melSPrfxvmuZHOocULZ1we+xJYVyIAACIAACrgjA73FFEnJAAARAAARsCcD22JJCORAAARAAAVcEYHtckYQcEAABEAABWwKwPbakUA4EQAAEQMAVAdgeVyQhBwRAwCmBYxjyfPXqVEsIu5IAbM+V4HAbCIAACIDA1QRge65GhxtBAARAAASuJADbcyU43AYCIAACIHA1Adieq9HhRhAAAdcElGOu7/rjcZpt9MwBQa6rh7z6CCCvQX2sURMIgEAJArTXIBiNeiXuQFGPCMDv8aizoCoIgAAItIQAbE9LOhLNAAEQAAGPCMD2eNRZUBUEQAAEWkIA6z0t6Ug0AwRAAAQ8IgC/x6POgqogAAIg0BICsD0t6Ug0AwRAAAQ8IgDb41FnQVUQAAEQaAkB2J6WdCSaAQIgAAIeEYDt8aizoCoIgAAItIQAbE9LOhLNAIFuE6BsPNOw2wj8aj1sj1/9BW1BoA0ElLRtjytxSI/8RfSjuIoMyXH1SOWzC1bHv1EB2+Nfn0FjEPCcQPixXx5+5LUdzF8ikzOZpD9ebh4Zpv77c3y/kHFY7herb8+ZdE592J7OdTkaDAJNExitP2dxjtDR0yTR5ul1Gcx/63EzzcGR3k04HZPhSu8XN/dmn5+z+6YbhfrLEYDtKccLpUEABBwSOK4Wm8F9bId6s7fJZpEG3mKzEvlH0rsZT8Pj9374/AvJrR32QUOiYHsaAo9qQQAEwqkInq1HKYnRqeuTLg315zsQaxEB2J4WdSaaAgL+EBDRtMWDHjwT4TPp+iSLN2R4xsE2dny2IjrXux/s3v8mexL8aS40zROA7cGYAAEQqJuA2C7w9fajrdrEOozWtP1gvkk1mjzFblH4IX8pXaN+tiVO/C6cPmKvQd19WLU+2J6qBHE/CIBAOQJikScINuN0j7S+RZqsyzAzREFS7COIdiXQzoKfw/O7cpw2+UZv2GtQrg+aL40zFJrvA2gAAiAAAl0jAL+naz2O9oIACIBA8wRge5rvA2gAAiAAAl0jANvTtR5He0EABECgeQKwPc33ATQAARAAga4RgO3pWo+jvSAAAiDQPIH/ASBmuPzgKDnrAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Question 36.How will you bring about the following conversions?
Benzene to biphenyl.
Answer:The conversion of benzene to biphenyl using Na and dry ether is called FITTIG reaction.
Firstly, the benzene is treated with Br2/FeBr3 results in the formation of bromobenzene. It is an electrophilic substitution. Further the bromobenzene is treated with Na metal in presence of dry ether to form biphenyl as the final product and NaBr as the by-product.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
If instead of Na metal, bromobenzene is treated with Cu metal then the reaction is called Ullmann’s reaction. The final product obtained in this reaction will also be biphenyl.
Question 37.Explain why
The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexylchloride?
Answer:sp2 hybrid carbon(s-character=33.33%) in chlorobenzene is more electronegative than a sp3-hybrid carbon(s-character=25%) in cyclohexylchloride, due to greater s-character. Thus, Carbon atom of chlorobenzene has lesstendency to release electrons to Cl than carbon atom of cyclohexylchloride.
As a result,C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene is less polar than in cyclohexylchloride. Further due to delocalisation of lone pairs of electrons of the Cl atom over the benzene ring, C-Cl bond in cholorobenzene acquires some double bond character while the C-Cl in cyclohexylchloride is a pure single bond. In other words, C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene is shorter than in cyclohexylchloride. Since the dipole moment is a product of charge and distance, therefore, chlorobenzene has lower dipole moment than cyclohexylchloride due to lower magnitude of negative charge on the Cl atom and shorter C-Cl distance.(double bond is of shorter length than single bond)
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAKcAAAB7CAYAAAAR6pC4AAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAjMSURBVHja7Z3BbtNKFIYdWF/KvjWS1XTFKiohXUNIsmwAk9tFNyHN4ko3UmShqE0rh919EEqlPkWB54D2AUp5gULujO2Jx5MZe5wmjZP8iyMgtsdz/vnmnDMzUTA+fvxowPTMNoyHRsRs+meOXXdb5XreKvyyncFz6HV3gwgaNiQAdjr2k6plXuYt8za0wk29099hgAJOwHm/AhHwunbhhMD4u9RwDvlr3cb2Ef281nLrgBNw3rudtMqvCYDDUuPDoez6wLGLey33BeAEnPduBxXzbMt6ddlx3fWkewEn4Lw3c9399aq1cZWvvj/Vuh9wAs77hpPUmkeAE3BmE07b6QNOwJlBOM3LzUrzDHACzsxZu2qe5q3yVbvX25AKaBg57HMCzrnYoF3ZpXuZRbt7bBjDHH+Nbs73O/Wdvab7EnACzrkY22yntSd/fNm1C8f0pKjWHuwCTsA5vwjq2MWSZV7zx5dbVvk7v/9Jo+yWVbgmcBahGeCEAU4YDHDCYIATBjiXSyyyQocOgDOTRr86Bx0AJ+CEAU7ACTgBJwxwAk7ACThhgBNwAk4Y4AScgBMGOAEn4AScMMAJOAEnDHACTsAJA5yAE3ACThjgBJyAEwY4ASfghAHOyUUKfuGDwsn+Dl0AZ2agDOyW/R2QAs4sQXkbpPZbQAo45wamDEpJ/TkGKfQDnPcRLZVQxkGKKAo4MwElIAWcmYcSkALOWdWVU4MyBtJbQAo400TLmUEZByoABZyJKXxe/UAUBZwzryunFUUB6YrCmTUoASngzEwKB6SAM9MpfAJIsf20THAuOpSyKApIFxxONnDLAGUSpIBz8QZwyPYsl3VwGKCAcwHhXIWBA5yAE3ACTsAJOAEn4AScgBNwAk7ACTgBJ+AEnIATcAJOwAk4ASfgBJyAE3ACTsAJOAEn4AScgBNwAk7ACTgBJ+AEnIATcAJOwAk4ASfgBJyAE3ACTsAJOAEn4AScgBNwAk7ACTgBJ+AEnIATcAJOwAk4ASfgBJyAcyZwLvNPBLLfHQWciwfn0v7Q6qL9dDjgXAFIl+lXmgHnkkAKKJccThWki1JXAsoVgFOANLNRdF7/1SHgRKoHlIBzcSAFlIAzk/UotoUAZ+bqUURLwJm5VA8oAWfmIAWUgDNz9SigBJyZq0dxBg44M5fqcdwIODMJKaAEnJmFFFACzsxCCh0AJwxmqFahOdurr84fzKVT5P2GYdP6LpfmufNz48G8+jwLfybxbRrvmriPBunjeTr9vWcU/ZU+0O/Ud3Ys8yZffHvR7vUeiddtbnHg23TFcFvlet4q/LKdwfM0zx1Uzc+bxbdfZX2ep03qzyS+TeNdcuCN2DHu9Xp/NYrm181q87Nuu/SZd0XzgvT3pt7p7yTC2W63H717Zn7LF+0xMMmSNdfp2E+qlnnJLRJuWePTAhRwZgtOv01zWGu59WnCyZ77mwC6+eztN+LbWiycJ63yawobca4ozp6uXTghnfxdajiH/LVuY/uIfh7XecC5uHAO2pVdGoRq7cHutOH02nfsIs3UtdbJayWcXpilUbP6/lQOrTksNT4cql6w13JfqFJAWMeGn3Of8ZaTCTx+73gpwQ3gWvTeYU5d74zfN/JBqJ+GnG9p/NQFRqVHGt9U70rSj9WLoV/2w7g6VmyPZNzHKjhVOkcydtU8DaLnIymcbqdeKlnmL9kMOaiYZ1vWq8uO665rzLI/4iwQ26bOBbXtT65E8KKvKDB37w27d8sq/BRLCW8AiYOOU39F3nXN2iza3WNR2B4R0yZi8u8u2U6fChf48Huz0jxjzwWZ49jrI/FB109dOOP0SOObamLH6TeKesTfIAiR6+XvbKx1x6O0bV7ycCbpPM6N0G/+Bsfe7uet8pUIoOvur1etjStZRFWE9y/U0Ti4+83yG29wuUGkHaQlgyhGINgfvpyQwUEHkH7GL+SC+4b8fRQgT9ha85OYWqhwfPuVZv8Nv0hkfdD1UxfOOD1S+SZ5V5J+DE6v/UqoiapNWXuMER5OHZ3F5/nSMNIJGhlkdQ17kHTmSKeGcLwatHxF2tnwB3J/w3/eLwmSYOfFGAknuVdMBbK6TCYaBYgs+L6IfoqT86D25BP9937vn6deH2rRgUvyUxdOncmv65v4Lh39em5vPa5eFMdDVvrJak5dnfnneWjHBZB0cASnQHtSgcvuFxdZ5PpzL/UpFlC8GHETQxwI2QCKorH2gnQYqe/86BW2599r/qDRiUTDH2JGSfJTF84kPXR9k71LR789x3mpC6eqr3fRWeXL+ExSwknqCSGFxRkX1da8GcTNtDRwxt07CZysPVr7RLfDRrXTNQ9XkG6HLL2n8TMLcOroNws40+osi/BjNadqu4IOAp/CFBu1ObHAbTTf/CsuEEIHo4uJ2MgpidpcpEodOXWygNvbN7106wlKfXdN+QJQ7md6OOV6TCVyxug3y8ipm21HaZ2L8LG1omQVHqwOoyutYbB622u6L8VoG6TE6AKBi8TiKpq2Lak5v/j3hu+l7xRrGp0BHG360vYkR23nwREh1/4FrcnCjeL/1mRZReZnuppTrcdd4NTRL03Nyfrqr7jDvpJV+RqtRdPqHPri1+vKBRGdFbLNUHGzPejYqIYItljGNmn9wle+N8raoumSr0XovWOpKZgY/Hv5bZ200YXWinQ7Zot8xvtBT79qVpmuhjf8A4dInezVl+LWTZKfuqv1OD3uAqeOfkkb6GKbfl9Hp4L+PqeXWc0/aXTmJ7KYBaWb8OEskx9FshdG64dwT0zntEk8eRDrEPq5WJOI7xWv+6tDsroWvg8wOr8VtkjCc91oLUS3R1i/FCdhY5NQx09Zf3X1SOOb6l1x+qk0imuTacGs0nL20+rMZwjZyl4hkPwgPo2NXqixN7rItip+ztLYHrI46RMO4gePJz5PjjltWiZbFT9nZaxWlX3RyIhN3YqvzOkYTUOqdL9Mtip+zgTMIOWrSh6IBMtuyQQRYIATBgOcsGWx/wFtGz7EC3q/YQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 38.Explain why
Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water?
Answer:Alkyl halides are polar molecules, therefore their molecules are held together by dipole-dipole interaction. The molecules of H2O are held together by hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). Since the new force of attraction between water and alkyl halide molecules are weaker than the forces of attraction already existing between alkyl halide-alkyl halide molecule and water-water molecules, therefore alkyl halides are immiscible (not soluble) in water. Alkyl halide are neither able to form H-bonds with water nor are able to break the H-bonding network of water.
Question 39.Explain why
Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?
Answer:Grignard reagents are very reactive. They react with moisture present in the apparatus to form alkanes.
R-Mg-X + H-OH → R-H + Mg(OH)X
Thus Grignard reagents must be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
Question 40.Give the uses of Freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform.
Answer:(i) Freon 12:- the chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively known as freons. They are extremely stable,unreactive, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Example of Freon 12 is CCl2F2. It is mainly used in refrigeration and eventually makes its way into the atmosphere where it diffuses unchanged into the stratosphere. In stratosphere, Freon is able to initiate the radical chain reactions that can upset the natural ozone balance.
(ii) DDT: - it stands for p, p’-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). It is mainly used as an insecticide.
(iii) Iodoform: - it was earlier used as an antiseptic but the antiseptic properties are due the liberation of free iodine and not due to the iodoform itself. Due to its objectionable smell, it has been replaced by other formulations containing iodine.
(iv) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4):- it is used as an industrial solvent for oils, fats, resins etc. and also in dry cleaning. Used as a cleaning fluid both in industries, as a degreasing agent and in the home, as a spot remover and as a fire extinguisher.
Question 41.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:It is a simple substitution reaction with Cl being replaced by iodide ion.
Question 42.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
(CH3)3CBr + KOH ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGgAAAAhCAYAAAA1S+4FAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAH4SURBVGje7ZkxbsIwFIbfAbgAEh45AJiVTiiyEBcIUaZKTJWXzsiwIfUUbO0dOAE36MANuENLcNIkYDuBQhOaf/iHOIqjvM/v+cU/LZdLguorBAGAIAACoGqlpOgxYp9Cql4T3ltrQKagABAAAZBJLx57JaIvLbYfSTkUHdqkYwd1xEbK0TAKlOfxefYeDxYT81x6viiwSZBdz65Ws1buvYd3zlarVqMBHQMaByJdrf1tIMXYnEG0Jz5dJ2OLgE+I+C5Uqm2Hz3d6PvezU07r7P3kurGAlArbfWLb7IcfVzFjHyIQz2VKXFHwioHrMfvc5mcbA4gT7fIlKS49nje/BtBZmToqyaBrAB3GDIulsRl0abbkgmyYDxl04z1IB8bvhjIcRtmV3cQLARnu5/cgN3DsQaW6uLTzyo1nujhXkPXGn87FBoP3MhmELg5yl3tfPLkWAIJUNaCoYeLiLVvqAah2pyd+1waJzn4GDa3vf5Xep+r0zec/3ljBj5JBEPaghztJRhdXAaBHAw9AAPS7QJb3gPQphOuUwuY32eo/ABUCsvs4Nj+pnD+EDLpLKUrHgrHVT7rCHwKgOwCy+klxCbzEHwKgP8ig03+LS/whALo5oNiSMPhJvlRdlz/kK7936jcB0B0A2Tq1In/op8FAFwcBEABBVesbH0eeUFXgK2wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Answer:
Question 43.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:It is also a simple substitution reaction in which under the presence of aqueous NaOH, bromide ion is replaced by hydroxide ion as it is a better leaving group than hydroxide ion.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 44.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2Br + KCN ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:It is a simple substitution reaction in which a better leaving group leaves and is being substituted by an ion.
CH3CH2Br + kCN
CH3CH2CN + kBr
Question 45.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACoAAAAWCAYAAAC2ew6NAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADNSURBVEjHY2hsbGQYCnhIOHLUoaMOHXXoqEMH2jEMq5gGvUPr62MljeXcZ4WmlfMN+hDN8pAtYpRx3xOalsY3qB3a0ZHG4ynLsItR1uhUaFa5OjAtMGJ16CoGBiagJPNA4ry8UBkjBoa7DAyyb9zCs3xgjkXxjTvQN0CJPwONGRkY/jNA8F/j2AbvQVk8lZeHSkND9JVHdKHn4Eyj5Wm87jKMexhkjU/E1tdLDtrMlOMmW8wg674rraODZ1CXoyZybjOwOXK0Ch116FDAAKT2JdYAcesEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Answer:It is a simple substitution reaction in which a better leaving group leaves and is being substituted by an ion.
C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl → C6H5 – O – C2H5 + NaCl
Question 46.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACoAAAAWCAYAAAC2ew6NAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADNSURBVEjHY2hsbGQYCnhIOHLUoaMOHXXoqEMH2jEMq5gGvUPr62MljeXcZ4WmlfMN+hDN8pAtYpRx3xOalsY3qB3a0ZHG4ynLsItR1uhUaFa5OjAtMGJ16CoGBiagJPNA4ry8UBkjBoa7DAyyb9zCs3xgjkXxjTvQN0CJPwONGRkY/jNA8F/j2AbvQVk8lZeHSkND9JVHdKHn4Eyj5Wm87jKMexhkjU/E1tdLDtrMlOMmW8wg674rraODZ1CXoyZybjOwOXK0Ch116FDAAKT2JdYAcesEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Answer:This reaction is called as wurtz reaction in which in which clubbing together of a alkyl halide group with a sodium or potassium salt of an ether group.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 47.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2CH = CH2+ HBr ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 48.Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACoAAAAWCAYAAAC2ew6NAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAADNSURBVEjHY2hsbGQYCnhIOHLUoaMOHXXoqEMH2jEMq5gGvUPr62MljeXcZ4WmlfMN+hDN8pAtYpRx3xOalsY3qB3a0ZHG4ynLsItR1uhUaFa5OjAtMGJ16CoGBiagJPNA4ry8UBkjBoa7DAyyb9zCs3xgjkXxjTvQN0CJPwONGRkY/jNA8F/j2AbvQVk8lZeHSkND9JVHdKHn4Eyj5Wm87jKMexhkjU/E1tdLDtrMlOMmW8wg674rraODZ1CXoyZybjOwOXK0Ch116FDAAKT2JdYAcesEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Answer:It is a markovnikoff reaction in which an alkene undergoes substitution reaction with hydrohalide, wherein a halo group is attached to that carbon atom which has largest no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 49.Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
nBuBr + KCN
nBuCN
Answer:The given reaction is a nucleophillic reaction:
nBuBr + KCN
nBuCN
The given reaction is an SN2 reaction. In this reaction, CN acts as the stronger nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom to which Br is attached in nBuBr.
And, CN- ion is an ambident nucleophile and can attack through both C and N. In this case, it attacks through the C-atom.
The mechanism is shown below:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 50.Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
Answer:The reaction involves the approaching of the nucleophile to the carbon atom to which the leaving group is attached. When the nucleophile is sterically hindered(does not have any free space or very crowded), then the reactivity towards SN2 displacement decreases. Due to the presence of substituents, hindrance to the approaching nucleophile increases in the following order.
1-Bromopentane < 2-bromopentane < 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane.
The structures are shown below:
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
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)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Hence, the increasing order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement is:
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 2-Bromopentane < 1-Bromopentane
Question 51.Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:
1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
Answer:The stearic hinderance in alkyl halides increases in the order of 1° < 2° < 3°, the increasing order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement is given as-
3° < 2° < 1°.
The structures are given below:
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)
Hence, the given set of compounds can be arranged in the increasing order of their reactivity towards SN2 displacement as:
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane
Question 52.Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:
1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2 dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane.
Answer:The stearic hinderance to the nucleophile in the SN2 mechanism increases with a decrease in the distance of the substituents from the atom containing the leaving group. Further, the stearic hinderance increases with an increase in the number of substituents. Therefore, the
increasing order of steric hindrances in the given compounds is as below:
1-Bromobutane < 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane
The structures are given below:
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
Hence, the increasing order of reactivity of the given compounds towards SN2 displacement
1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane < 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-3- methylbutane < 1-Bromobutane
Question 53.Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH.
Answer:Hydrolysis by KOH results in the formation of the carbocation. Those compounds which leads to the formation of stable carbocation are easily hydrolysed.C6H5CH2Cl leads to formation of 1°-carbocation, while C6H5CHClC6H5 forms 2°-carbocation, which is more stable than 1°-carbocation. Hence C6H5CHClC6H5, is hydrolyzed more easily than C6H5CH2Cl by aqueous KOH.
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Question 54.p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. than those of o- and m-isomers. Discuss.
Answer:p-Dichlorobenzene is more symmetrical than o-and m-isomers. Because it fits more closely and easily in the crystal lattice than o-and m-isomers. Therefore, more energy is required to break the crystal lattice of p-dichlorobenzene. Therefore, p-dichlorobenzene is symmetrical and has a higher melting point and lower solubility than o-and m-isomers due to strong force of attraction in crystal. Therefore more energy required to break lattice and will not easily be soluble.
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ZJst0ojxWyr7IQer9oefxapufJG4eL609dV1er0VncGZ7rqHZ5rc/ia51UPEwzJm6Lh9CYCO0fy5bfQ49XJB6ChJH9+81SxnXJZ5C4ssvTAui61sfHy/VfDoqMgSXbLdV3DvOEdSWanP3GYo+dWLy/K1ea2k9PEh6wfUgbxmWu3fXo7XKt8c/sOF5629Dr7HH9578m4uU/VP/4r+T4ozxWyL7KkDgD79cfbtMxLY9Oy0WulZ5HVHHIXn/Og4p5GhlXbk/fg2nERLvTfpQXD0ViIrR/LFt+D23XIvEQZByyN+nyYZjT65LOdclnkLh+baz8vZ+4Ygccu6nbnsLNa4C8AMhL4udu8m83bkaOALM3LnT7kDZ8tbezEe/rskTUM27VdePdfYVe5++p51Mubny3hFVLn/cojhW6rzIkzpD79ee9vf+8Tce0PDotF7lWeh6PccjTY7ZNxpnb+53DpGIijvd+WguNiZD+cZQaHVU8hLRr0XgobBzuWs6KL/7cMX2cZLK9bb8hyTZ0+5A2/PPrl/9zUWrqjlWdZvmhuvLvWBhFhBWPTZ0H7W83Sm2X5z2KY4XuqwyJs8j9ouXxa7mocaDn6RiHccbDOI1DiKZvMw6hMRHSP45So6OKh5B2LRoPQcLojv90H8a4i7ja7e3H2VJVvgD6j/HcyZHmjFumr23gr7QB24e04au/vP5Tv30Nc53pccP02NSg8y56rNB9lariEHC/aHn8Wqbn+28cBsVD7zlMPiaCKg4DYiKkfxylRkcVD0UqDqHxMFAYlaREkjP2UURc8dhZ7JrSD+fkC6D7ZG726eeep1ELCuty+T+zT7+eZa5twLjwwO1D2jAea/uvWvTuYl+5r7V1/xZ8nZfjXumHXtLrj+pYofsqA0XuFy2PX8v0fL+NQ0g8XHd004mJgGccBsZESP84So2OKh5Cjlc0HnKFsd1qPekd34i+hE7ikbePZuoVj+x+suL69eJ94KvJRK7OYfXVX/46rLAuAqf7BOnlqyXd/XbH5K6v7bZACtn++vrj95kvXuPJbcPkNZsfzo+THktqtRpPXlTX3vV7eCZ7fuft+u3PT6MP2fZOvxs9qmOFnndZkmfo/aLl8Ws59FrpeTaMw7DxMM2YGHStITEREg9lzO+h7VokHnKE0TulaNGxvkth3BgjyXsFJrlh2WMkM47ljtWsP/lH1n1dPdSTOkbufjPvxWaX5+0nMxZ26/bJ9cd/f/Zj9L+3rZf3IFLM1WtJAdeZbacs6U7krscKPe8yEXK/aHn8WqbnCRuHnOtP7ne6gxukkXHEw7RiIuRaB8VEaDyULb8XadfQeCj08AsAAJhvGAcAADCcceiWYnrfZQcAAMg1DgAAAIwDAABgHAAAwGT5f+8j5hOgrGHiAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Question 55.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Propene to propan-1-ol
Answer:It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under the presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
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Question 56.How can the following conversions be carried out?
- Ethanol to But-1-yne
Answer:1. Treat ethanol with thionyl chloride SOCl2 to get chloroethane
2. Chloroethane when reacted with sodium acetylide forms but- 1-yne.
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)
Question 57.How the following conversions can be carried out?
1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
Answer:Alcoholic KOH causes the elimination of a proton forming an alkene and by reaction with HBr causes markonikoffs addition, which attaches to a more substituted carbon atom.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 58.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Toluene to benzyl alcohol
Answer:Chlorine causes the chlorination of the alky group in presence of UV light and further reaction with aqueous KOH causes substitution reactions.
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)
Question 59.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
Answer:first, it is brominated by Br in presence of light and then it is nitrated by the concentrated by a sulphuric acid with leads to attachment of the nitronium ion which is electron deficiency and attacks on ortho and para position.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 60.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid
Answer:First is the simple substitution reaction with potassium pentachloride and then with cyanide ion and finally, hydrolysis by proton leads to acid formation.
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)
Question 61.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Ethanol to propanenitrile
Answer:The alkyl reacts with Br in presence of red phosphorous to give a substitution reaction forming alkyl chloride and then another substitution with KCN.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 62.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Aniline to chlorobenzene
Answer:the amine group is detached by a more electrophile with leads to form an intermediate on reacting with cuprous chloride form chlorobenzene.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAd0AAABwCAYAAABbyKrqAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAA36SURBVHja7Z09chw3GkB1Ae8FaAUqO3Bqm5IOwPHQ4aosliJvwJplwi0lLBWr7GCkyPewqnyOtQ/g8hF4Ax/Bu80xZjCYD42fBtAA+gUvECliMN348PCh0cCTDx8+PAEAAID8cBEAwMl2+/3Z5bOLX99ut2dcDwCkCwBIFwDpAgDSBQCkCwAj3N/ff/Lm+dPfPn/29K9TVg8pBPz+7urFy2dP/zwu+8s/r+7ev+AeANIFADJdrgcA0gWANqS73axeDRntt5vtK64tIF0AaFeOfwtt4LPL619SCc9Xuv++fPqLayoa6QLSBYCupPvi/KvfpWejuYSnyv3s+evfbu7v/6F+rj8XVp+JdAHpAkBX0l1vNreXzz59MLPdHMJTi6GkzFr/XKQLgHQBupTuILS7q69/NLPdHMLbTSn7rzhGuoB0AaA76aqpXX3KN7XwpM9AurRB7u9M0o1Z1OG6YdxQAP8Oz/XvyZ/3uMDqdBqbTrlPWCjXiHRDFnUgXYB00jUzUaQLU9oVC+UakW7Iog6kC5BOuvrPXr65+yGbdJle7hYWyjUo3ZBFHUgXIK10B3bTgquHzWZ1a/7+eMowfAtGFlL1Dfe3Uen6LupAugDppauyld2jHm0q8P+Z6vr89Uc9JkOyVjKhvmGhXMPS9fm3/jMX3FCAsA5Pz2itg1pDwqGfyzO/ztoTz+zblq7Pog4yXYA80lUd6Fj8DI+BQjpYKSsyB8imiIlhpIt0C3YArkUdSBdgPmGHTi3DQqTL9HK70h0YW9QRI92pC0EAls5jhotwQYCFVB1I17aoI0a6KRaCACy9U42dUob+YaFcB9I1s9OU08uxC0EAltyhslARfPpyFso1LF3boo6p0p2yEAQAAGRYKNeAdOcYjTG1DAAASDczLAQBAACkWwAWggAAANItAAtBAAAA6QIAAADSBQAAWIR01fQvFx+AuIO22xTXAekCAHEHSBfpEvxQCl7OJ+4A6SLdToJfP+9Xek1pSoc/pWx9h68Dq4e32+1Z6esy5fq4fn98uIX8PZEu0gWki3Q7k+7usIbTkzdSSDe07GFjEHVcos/PQ/B5B1o/rtEcBIRuEWf7PXu/Il1Aukh3wdJdbza30uHOKaQbUrYkPEm8sQLyku711YV07Nfus48HDzHS5ZQT4g6QLtJduHSHDt1XKtLUqyuT9S1bnU1sm0beZ5yRO3ZN2e1r7FqEn5fMeZ5IF5Au0l20dNXUpj7laRONKS6XVH3Ktk3h6hymX+Oe706RriTLUOlK1wHpIl1Aukh3gdL1+be1nL+FefQcNLBsn2nXmEwxhXT3dbM803VxMrAIqAPSRbqAdJFup9I1MzHrQiBxdbGx+Ciw7NTS9RWiq6zDftin2XVopot0iTtAukgX6VoXM9mfSR6/QuOT6brKrnF6+TC4kMUcLV2ml5EuIF2ki3SPxbp62GxWtz7ZqK90x8rWf+e7kOr4PVd39hsi3bEMN1a6IZk60kW6gHSR7kKkq4Sze8f2VLrmKz0h0rWVbWbCUn31V4aGz1yfv/6oL8xyZZC+0rU9w00hXV4ZIu4A6SJdpPtKEpS5EEhchaw93/WRrq1sU6ymlNTf2IRsSjhWuvuNKzzkzOYYSBeQLtIl+JNIV5fpUTZ6sohq9XCzvXnum+mOlW3/DPc2kIOsfRZh+S3Usi+8cr1S5Xt9dcHayke6SBeQLtIl+KscPIQsTgKkC4B0kS5E8JjhIlykC4B0kS7kZcoOU4B0AZAu0gVPDq/0yLs/AdIFQLpIFwCIO0C6SHdK8HPDAJAu0J6QbiHhIl8AYg5oT0i34I3ixgGUiTnXzwHowzuQrs9N4cYBEHPQ3gCO9lSRdGNuAjcNYN6YI+5gSp9Me5pJulMvOjcNIK9s6SwhZ3ugLRWSbsoLTScAUD5GiLt0tLj/d+r7T1vKJN2cF7bWTkAF1NGm+8IuTyEHAVjLjdiu0ad+oXWTDxs4PVBhyqENUEdMtNZZym15/LCP3J/XknRztynkm0i6JS9kTfKVzq/dHxTvKUjpjF2p3IPo/DuQqfWT6mY7z1Y6XN56NN9euPk6w6UJt7fPi41Fn+MeS39eC9It3a8i30jpznnharhp2+urC10yit2ZtscCGh8pn46MxewwMHin1k+qm/SzI5lrMpbqi3Dbbvc1dpa2gaAZO6mkF/p5tUt36f14M9Kt5ULVPOXsCjIpk0xRbopybHWTMlpdpmNnAiPcftp6TTFna5M2bINO1eZd8RX6ebVKl/bUiHRrvTgtdgK2rDF2dJ2yfra66Qcl6J3IriOzP8uKmR6H+rOBueul2lXIeocp0o35vNqkS3tqRLqtXIy567mXoyMofbPcw0IN/5H11Pq56iYtpJLKU53NenP3L4Tb99TbXPWUHmvklG7M59UiXdpTI9Jt9cvPUe9DFjgul5isT/obeRXx8cKp0Pq56jb27NaW6bpWdkN/cYd065Iu/Xgj0u3hC5eq/+F5pTsjlVYVh0g99O9C6jdWt7GpNSmDNld4qqwd8fbfyZSOu1LTyzGfN6d0e2tPvcm36y+Y8/v4ZrixWe6UUXbKDHzs86W/lTobJd6YgQOyJe4kWEhVx6wDMTJRur12armE6zvy9clyN+vVT5L0YjLdkPq56jaW6Uq/kzobfUoc8fbbQZb8XnGv8Lil+/7u5ov1+Zf/fXH+1e8v168/qnY99ZUhW7m0Kf/vhXQnjlpKvoydssz99Kln5umb5apsUHq/NWZay6d+vnWzbQoQsjlGrg0LkFN4zLUYdyHtUmprkjRtq/L17PgoHhNtjmGW20ObQrqVSNd1c0ptP5Z+Wst/+8TdtJafaKSyQ6eVQ+oXUjd9C0ef1cuubSB5xpuvgww9iq3lbMu2sHBsDYL+f969+25lm14eZp/MzNj388biQCq35msfelwk0p1JuqE3IEdHwF6fsCTpxsRPjs6yh7gbBqQ5HoXkKjfHtZ96yhDSLSTdqUGc45QLOnjoXbqpjvZDuh+evLta/Wd4z7yVcnNc+5T9ONItJN05bzjShSVJN0W85DgisMV78jgt/PXFH5ffrH4eeHN998+ay11K/4t0Kx+5I11YinRznafLYHfZbarGgeUsA7CRtTWxr4Ul+1I1LoQi+GEp0u25TtB2nznnQGBYWBq7aFNJdXjNSzzwpUfpTi2X4IdcHVvPg0oGu+22rRT3rqfsO4V015vNrbRBUBXSra0hEvyQM5uooYOs8RUN4m6+tjX1b2vOwOeS7iBVaUezWaWbO8iQLtTaMc45E4N0aVtIt4x0fXffQ7oB9RrbUALAl5IdZK2dZMqV1BDWtpBuHun6/BvpIl1Auk3OMNGOkG5M3aRjRWX8Dq4wpWpmu0iXaS5Y0PRyz9KlbfU3vZzCMXNnuvrPhl3FkC7BDzN0jK1O4RJ3fbat2qVbum6ppavKHA6J2WxWt7ZjTMcyaqQLMFPnhHQhddvimW5+6aqDM3bv72rPeLffn63PD8c2Dn8vHbyBdAFmzmp6ijniru02hXTd0jUzWtv0silhpAvQcAeZu30jXaSLdP2OKbVJd3i3V/rspNMaSBcA6RJ3SDd12a21J9vUcnLp5tpCjOCfdvNjVtjBcqXLNpDLblO11ak16T5muBbhJpVujgvTavDnOp3C5HilnGL18Ha7PSstXekdudC9SmPqqk/z2K5Brx1kjjbOgQdIt8YD6FtpTz7T2ckvTI3n8s4l3dSnU5h/b46m1MvbKXZNianP8O6aKcOQbdNC67rbD/X4c8d+3qN0ey4H2s8qWz7aLxS1qtlMPsz+LPmX4hD7fKdT6Dd2bDQ1lF9UutdXF9L7aOYm4SmlK4leEm/N0+o1DVJrGzAD/W+Lma4PWUc3sbuptD7ijjmdQt7C7DRL3k0p+21jVkq6vp+dUrrqBXXbNPI+045cudiadKeUV+MUNbQ7eErZhyPdCRffVn6qLfVqla7v6RSPq90MQZjClsqqWbrmACGVdKWpa5PDVHu9z3dzHhjuKjtXzCHdPgdyPuXmak9Id+JNS7VZfCvSjcn4TLmoKdSY7G0u6e6nwYXBhgtXXX2m2GNmBXqQbmjM9RR3UEebyvW9kG6iG9dCA9QXKNkYy2R9T6eQV+IenlvOIV3bdx9bpHRYUBC2ktq3rkg3X7aCdJFuaJsq9b26lG5vgVJLpqv/zHY6hXr9RxeJNdOteHr5MHAIX7W91Oll4g649sv5Tt12AnN+l9DTKWyZmyndmOytpHRtGW6sdMdO7OhpIVWPMYd0GcjRnjyk28MXraHuoadTqJ+bU7aSdGt8ZeioXiPZZ4h0XSd29PDKUE+dC7KlPfEdIqXbahDVdJNCT6cQVzhrz3dPZJxgcwwlpRSZ4L4+jrKmTC9LJ3bYvoO6xrVvjtFDR4NsaU/INpF0WwmqGm9SzOkUp4uoVg8325vnZqYrCda2oGusLikXGcnbUZ7WaYp0bSd2tLwNZMsiQ7bIF9lmkq55UQj89mnheacp45DFYz12ltQJer13S2tT0ReIm9SwdB8zynpfpTnJcBco3NoyABZJIV/68ZmkO6d8Cfo0TDnYmXour4Mi7mhTtKcKpFtSvgT98vA9sYOOkriD9trUkq939TeNmwQwT8wRd7Qp+vFKpZvjphH4AMQczNemkG0D0k0RvAQ+ADEHbQ/maE+FpRtz4wh8gPKZBTEHKftl2tPM0vW5ccgWoLx8iTlIKV/aU2XSlW4csgUoL19iDlLKl/ZUuXQJfIA6M18A2lPH0gUAAEC6AAAAgHQBAABa538mNdI9dxQdqAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Question 63.How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane
Answer:In presence of a salt like NaBr alkane combine together to form products.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 64.How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
Answer:It is a markovnikoff reaction in which an alkene undergoes substitution reaction with hydrohalide, wherein a halo group is attached to that carbon atom which has largest no. Of alkyl groups attached to it
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 65.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid
Answer:on reacting with a compound having a bad leaving group the better leaving group Cl detaches and is substituted by a CN ion and upon hydrolysis leads to acid formation.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 66.How the following conversions can be carried out?
But-1-ene to n-butyliodide
Answer:Alcoholic KOH causes the elimination of a proton forming an alkene and by reaction with HBr causes markonikoffs addition, which attaches to a more substituted carbon atom.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 67.How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol
Answer:It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under the presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
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)
Question 68.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
Answer:chromic acid is a good oxidizing agent which oxidizes secondary alcohol to the ketone, upon reaction with NaOI having a better leaving grp. attaches to the carbonyl group and is substituted in place of methyl.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAbcAAADZCAIAAAAsfOkiAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAGhxJREFUeF7tnb+T28T7x33fv4NhGLCvyNxfYANFCr7YaVIwGaiOyh5ozgUHTco0EAq7gbErUsGkShM7UKQA4r/gJsVZMEyG4d+4zyOtvZYl+SzZK+1KeqlJTt7d59nXs357f0onNzc3DS4IQAACENhB4P8gAwEIQAACtxBAJWkeEIAABG4jgErSPiAAAQigkrQBCEAAAocSoC95KDnyQQAC9SCAStYjztQSAhA4lEBpVNKbjwedzsn66nQG47kXrbU39lMM5nEa84F80BnHchzKjXwQyItAqqael3HKTSBQCpX0xa/VG04XC12DxWI67LXQPRp1tQjQ1F2MZwlUcj5oDX15bPdny6Vsgvev5XLWb8u9xbCV1HN0kTQ+QWAfAZr6PkJ2PndeJeeD3lTQiEK+mnSbzRWlZrM7ebUc+UI57aGTdtoOVs0SoKmb5WmuNNdVcv7M18j26LK7FshN3ZsXT5ROPkuYiDSHiJIgUAQBmnoRlA+y4bhKetdXvkg+uBfXSL+6zXsPfJm8ut5alZn29CKP/k/QIeWCgLMEDmrqztamWo45rpLL1/6M5NlpskhWKxTUptYEaOruht9xlTwIXH+2WuMJ/TPrH1QUmSAAgdoTcFwlW3cSRtS1DxoAKkiApu5uUB1XyebpmbBbPH2evB3ce/6UEbm7jQvPMhCgqWeAVXBSx1Wy0b3vD5UXw/OEYzPe+DzYSNm/3y2YGuYgYJwATd04UlMFuq6Sje4kmFKU7eOdwdxbdyk9bz7oqM3m/dkEkTTVHCjHIgGaukX4t5p2XiUbopNq+/hi2mu1Vlt7Wq3eNDiPM1qika62LfzKSoCmnpVYMelLoJKyLfLi1c1yNuq3fbFUV7vdH82WN68u2CNUTEPBSiEEaOqFYM5o5IS3g2UkRnIIQKBeBErRl6xXSKgtBCDgFAFU0qlw4AwEIOAcAVTSuZDgEAQg4BSBUqlk8MBxnpPmVAPCGZMEbmnhNH6ToLOVVSqVzFY1UkMAAhAwQACVNACRIiAAgQoTQCUrHFyqBgEIGCCAShqASBEQgECFCaCSFQ4uVYMABAwQQCUNQKQICECgwgRQyQoHl6pBAAIGCKCSBiBSBAQgUGECqGSFg0vVIAABAwRQSQMQKQICEKgwAVSywsGlahCAgAECqKQBiBQBAQhUmAAqWeHgUjUIQMAAAVTSAESKgAAEKkwAlaxwcKkaBCBggAAqaQAiRUAAAhUmgEpWOLhUDQIQMEAAlTQAkSIgAIEKE+BNsxUOLlWDAAQMEKAvaQBiRYsI3rSyuXa8cMgbdzZpOmOvojCoVo0JoJI1Dv4tVfcVsteY3ehrObp6FJdASdYanulks7Nhi9e30aKqRoARd9UiaqI+0j9sPX2wfHXR3CpN3R6dDYfTRqM/u7m8jiXbkdOEU5QBAUsE6EtaAu+yWe/500X/YUQiVw4vhq/vBx3MSddP1n5wb0tJm/cetBdPnzPudjm++JaRwJZKevPxoBOeZep0BuO5bvFqBippeiqYwSpiTsoRDx1xI2OsjSRvjy67oYLOTre7m43m6ZkROzkX4n4E93hogo/7EEzU0kAZWiV9CWz1htPFYlPqYrGYDnutIuQvRVUc8dARN1IAKyLJ1XWk2+hdX/l2t9Z0dqz7FOFfkg33I1iAhwWYsBVf83ZXKjkftIa+PLb7s+VyM2O/XM5G/bZ5qweU6IiHjrhxAMAMWfxh8zRhrSZSRNLoej0KX77Wazqy7tNzSCfdj2ABHhZgIkN7cz+pL4mzfuBne7QRyM3iZniZ0xdMmbWPXUEB+7InFZn2niMeOuJGWmpHpAtqGg71ctRu9+UXczvKkWSxXKvWlWfTyFZJ9yOY0sNs1d5OndKEhNzW9/2Y2uWQ1+9Lzp/JkqU0/yfJ8/UOKL0jHjriRhEB6U7kx7PR2+yElMXtJ5d3oqYlmd9VXCfrXckP7UTPW6oNl4/uxBbLi6hBog33I1iAhwWYsBbgfAyLSqqZpOhi5U5z09BXR387fJnN73LEQ0fcyI9zpGRfKTeXbAtqXry6ie4Oavg39bX9qSrgSePclT2U7kcwo4eHtIWMJix83w+pVa55RCWXr/0ZydhiZa5msxXuiIeOuJGNnZ3U3nhg9RTOfJA4E+p+BAvwsAATdhpdflaz75fcOS+ZwcmtFdCtY3Am9hNl8TBHT7K4kYFdKZI2TxtyCkdd/uGczSi8GPe7l3eeHb9iZCiCObaxgGa+5RuCUEzcc7IiKtm640/SxrZ05GTwkGId8dARNw4hWHierdF60RoptW1eTC6vpUO5vU/J/QgW4GEBJgpvbjkbFJVU+4ALPTCxNZe1vSYVm/fym3x+HmbxJEc3kqMcedzEdqebv/YQaA2n0972sfLCIxjENe82lqX8fL9NOYuVteL9EXf3vr/tYzE8P34qabvzf/yYZ8XFoIfHkDbrxn5W28snOexwqHSRy1Ffdv+GltzNNvXYUNdMazfbxhJbu1kT+5vxMV85N/IG85Ldy2Bn1GLY6sgYZTNI8bzgDFP6iXjZU9zQmy79LSKmju0Y8/A46ibdyI3VcVXc5Pabf1L8dt1PtJspsSnPAwEbPD6dTLqR85PmmrpvI5fWbrKN7QBq0kQ+EAy2BCNFrbsTagtp4rXeE5x1l6mfPmnu98AeTA4eHuJJPm4YZnVIxdLm8V3dvU389k/T2jg23Uy6kTvLcD+CKTw8llAKE1m/7+JSiZpxFoB6jduf3AjOI4bEUk5bjOTEYtJUYQqFnj8eLtp3WilSpkti3sN0diOpcnHDNKuDalahTF3pRu6sjvsRzMXDbR65mKhsM84iqSnT6p8pgx3JlKZLl6x4VqFOxNYgQQfLP7/mf7LdK1ydalt91VY5tzskcjPxhu54xkwrEyN1QNa/Sthiio+gg4284hAaOSL3v1glbPY5EtlddFGswnbC/9dDJbkZksD4f9WoKmHEHXxRZLlk+9PQnwmmI2O6oiDkEuFSO2+KSEUhZN9Vnn5c5q+lubwNM31N8k9ZDCtv/Gi6eUCkP4k/fTYPKte8eOIvtnU6chQ7dp7fH0jteiqvRuM/IegWTjtNhx5Y6e/kK22DKSaC+bfEoyxUFIJZlZwPQoui/vfC6YOPR7WHozM7wkqrkq+TjUUj4Zkn/sHfXRPMoX0g6tl7Ga6r62WG1O4ldSSCdsHUAoJZleze918PFTqZtr1bzW48HbPuCCt9ft8bnw/P+mcJu2Z3Pn5cdr2fN56k2CWRjP7s1NzSno3gOhJBG1Xf2KwFBLMq2djeB23hZJrdJpPJugVWzYuH/cXwsRpkN4KB9H21Fhxo5GwymchrEGOnC2QctcnlP2dX5V89lnxV6dV9X1IXr+OdxN2mM0FzKrGFCDpV/8CZOkAwrJLuBRGPtgh0J5vnQfpPgwx+yPwXH64fSdH1dTL6Eg+52V8/Qev89dlq/lE2kwSvllXX+n4w26merre9Jz3RNOGBgPsEeNOs+zHCQwhAwCYB+pI26WMbAhBwnwAq6X6M8BACELBJAJW0SR/bEICA+wRQSfdjhIcQgIBNAqikTfrYhgAE3CeASrofIzyEAARsEkAlbdLHNgQ2BLwxNNwkwH5JN+OCV7Uj0Dk5kTeb167aZagwKlmGKOFjDQjIYSU5El+Dipavioy4yxczPIYABIokgEoWSRtbEIBA+QigkuWLGR5DAAJFEkAli6SNLQhAoHwEUMnyxQyPIQCBIgmgkkXSxhYEIFA+Aqhk+WKGxxCAQJEEUMkiaWPLDoE///xTdiP+/fffe82rlOram5gENSGAStYk0KWvphYv+c8vv/ySU30++OCDn3/+Wb3wLCcTFFs6Aqhk6UJWU4dFtr744ov33ntP/vPpp5/mQUE6klJsToXn4TBlFkMAlSyGM1ZKQODff/8tgZe4WDgBVLJw5Bg0RyA8jdhsNsMFhz+ScfSuj3QuGcV/9tlnkkwN7b/77jv5v0xlhkf6uhBJrCY61acff/yxMqfuq+vLL7+U9FK++jPinjkGlJQ7AVQyd8QYyImACFN4GlFkKCx58tEff/yhZhjlP9qHXblkoC0zkpJMZfn6669FBGWA/+2336o7Mt6PLOl89NFH6qMXL16o8h8+fKgt/vjjj5L+p59+0rOcSje5ykdAhZALAu4T0POSytX/Dy7t9l9//SVfP7X2IuomifVHSiUlwe25wiqpZFFNg+pLClGiGUkpd5QJrcvKB62wqrSwt3HaWqDdD0TdPKQvWb4fNjxWBDzPu3v3rqbx7rvvijC9efNGCeKHH36YCOqWXJH00peU3mL4psjcP//8czB/MX1wXjJaJIBKWoSPaQhAoAQEUMkSBAkXEwnILOTLly/1R9L1ky7k22+/LXd0pzKe8ZZckcTSOf3tt9/CN3/99dd33nmnyHCoxZ/IhGamHaPh1afIClIxW1CLxJWTLVQyJ7AUmzsBWSoR2dI7zEVKRBzVbsd+v//NN9/owzaff/659uaWXBGPv/rqK5Fdtdgtl5IqWdXJvWLbBqRSshCU5uBQxDG17B6en1Waq4sKz72yS/SWsKKSBbd5zB1IQL7eIhYiW7on9f7778tqiWzfUX0imfXTE3+iZWrtRX306NEjbfWWXPG+pJgTtVWFiHWRlQO9PyKbKL7Mh37//fdZy5BVfoHwww8/6IyyFi9FRSZbsxZbx/R1W66ivhBwk4CoT9wxtVAeXqNXSq2PUUqCsGzpRXa1Cq+W9cNXZC0+vo7vJhy7XtGXrONPI3UuFwHp/0ofcNd2Sy2FoqfSf1QD6t9//10EVKZWIzWVouTOYrEoFwG73qKSdvljHQKpCKjpVHXSPHzJJIOWwk8++UQ++u+//1KVSKLUBFDJ1KhICAF7BFR3MjzBqn3RhyDV6JvT6MajhEoaR0qBEMiFQLw7qVax9UFJdfpIXbKpXv6Mr4yr3mi73c7FxYoWikpWNLBUq3IE4t1JmV6U/mN4FVtXWu3sia+MS29UsqjZSa6UBFDJlKBIBgH7BFR3UvshW+jDHcbI8o4sZ8vupfBNeXaRZI9slbdfK+c9QCWdDxEOQmBNQHUnwx3G8LbQ8OZ5SSOJZQONejSR3lIqd/RqT3wLKqQTCZxY2ShLMCAAgQgB0Sy+jG62CvqSbsYFryAAAVcIoJKuRAI/IAABNwmgkm7GBa8gAAFXCKCSrkQCPyAAATcJoJJuxgWvIAABVwigkq5EAj8gAAE3CaCSbsYFryAAAVcIoJKuRAI/nCIgjygPP9bbKd9wpmACbGQtGDjmXCSgXr0tR/osHnBmV7mLLSPwib6ks6HBMQhAwAkCqKQTYcCJvQTkqQ3ysAZ5F5g6kqxe2iV9wPCLAPWDwtR4WV+Rx0DIn/ojeTij6khKafKgb3Vf7ihD2iv1jDJ1hd9EqJKF3dBvE9tbIxKUhQAqWZZI4WdDnmcjLypQr0CR93+Jcqlhsroj7zMIvwRG/lT35ak58sQHLV4itfJQHP0eFSV56smMuqjIixDEkAioftWMZIm8slU/4VFKkLeJxZ8oTvDKTcDua3ewDoGUBOThN/I4nHBi+VNLobovX0WtZZGU6oWrkXdj6TQRlZT76u1aKoEYCptWiZWhcLLbfdhbTW1ub0oSFEyAvmS5f+Tq7L288kW/BlaNhYXGmzdvFJPwoFs6oWowrt52kHWJRgzdvXtXo5aepnRataF4CG75qM7xKm/dUcnyxg7PG5G+pHQxZCQuXGRELAKqexzhZzJCDQJZCaCSWYmR3hUCIoUvX76MeyPdRhkUq8F15HrrrbfkTtZ5w4ghVb48J9wVEPiRMwFUMmfAFJ8bAfV6g/Casixey6KzWnvRr5yWO/otCOpZ3+FnestijqheJEvEZWVIylH3xYqMuNWLZbjqQACVrEOUq1lH9caC8NSkrGUr8VJrzWqyUpbFwyPuFy9eyJK03taj32cdzhJ59aAYkk8/++wzlUuyyFVNptQqiQBnb2gXEHCCgOivWqbnco0AfUnXIoI/EICAWwRQSbfigTcQgIBrBFBJ1yKCPxCAgFsEUEm34oE3EICAawRQSdcigj8QgIBbBFBJt+KBN7UjMB83GvNQrecN/w6XQwRQSYeCgSs1JDBuXQwG1w0vEEpvLv+XOzXk4HKV2aLlcnTwrRYEZIf648F4Oh32+6PLyYX/KDculwigki5FA1/qSkCEsnUyWN5MkEgHmwAq6WBQcKmOBGTI3a1jvUtQZ1SyBEHCRQhAwCIBVm8swsc0BCBQAgKoZAmChIsQgIBFAqikRfiYhgAESkAAlSxBkHARAhCwSACVtAgf0xCAQAkIoJIlCBIuQgACFgmgkhbhYxoCECgBAVSyBEHCRQhAwCIBVNIifExDAAIlIIBKliBIuAgBCFgkgEpahI9pCJSYgDcfDzod/c7eTmcwnlfzBbyc4y5xM8V1CFgi4I07reEiyXh7tHxVtYe/0Ze01MwwC4HSEpgPlES2+7PlUl4i7l/L5azflnuLYWsQfvR6aSsZcpy+ZBWiSB0gUByB+eCkN200RCEn3cjjMNddzP7sZlKhx8DRlyyudWEJAhUgMH8mEtlojy6jEil3mxdPRn6HcvqsUt1JVLIC7ZYqQKAwAt71lS+SD+4lP1W9ee+BL5NX11Vax0ElC2teGIJABQgsX/szkmendXr1BCpZgYZLFSAAgRwJoJI5wqVoCFSOQOtO9UbU+4KESu4jxOcQgMCGQPP0TP5YPH2ePPHoPX9avRE5Ksk3AAIQyECge7/vy+TwfBzXSW98Hmyk7N+v0D6gRgOVzNA+SAoBCDS6k5nSyVZnMPfWUul588HqPE5/VqXNklJVdpXT7CEAgawEOKGYlRjpIQCBehFoXry6Wc5G/ba/lKOudrs/mi1vKneIm75kvZo2tYUABA4gwLzkAdDIAgEI1IgAKlmjYFNVCEDgAAKo5AHQyAIBCNSIACpZo2BTVQgYICBPTjs5SXiG5K77BkxaLgKVtBwAzEMAAo4TQCUdDxDuQQAClgmgkpYDgHkIQMBxAqik4wHCPQhAwDIBVNJyADAPAQg4TgCVdDxAuAcBCFgmgEpaDgDmIQABxwmgko4HCPcgAAHLBFBJywHAPAQg4DgBVNLxAOEeBCBgmQAqaTkAmIcABBwngEo6HiDcgwAELBNAJS0HAPMQgIDjBFBJxwOEexCAgGUCqKTlAGAeAhBwnAAq6XiAcA8CELBMAJW0HADMQwACjhNAJR0PEO5BAAKWCZzc3NxYdgHzEIAABBwmQF/S4eDg2hEEvPl40OnIG1pWV6fTGYzn3rpEb+x/lvD2lkbw+pbOeJVSpQtd+pMjfEuZ1VAVUlo7JNkeDw8pMponYmI7ikHiTYii4Qw+MREw6UtyQaBaBJaj9q4vaHu0DOqqkvRn8YrP+vLBOtkqXag0/Um+yAxWISdHU3h4rOXdJsJRCFK12348I8FRn6wifoQz9CVN/N5RhksE5oPWcOF/ZfqzpZLEQBaXy9mov1M9d1WgefFKMgfKqTT11UUz/8oarUIu7hbgYZIJCWIQw8WwFek4PngokrgYPp7nUd0jFJasEHCPgBK0vT2ItH1JVcGQSh5V4+Won6Jnk0sVjvI7mjmlh8fYXJmQX7pYKesu5mokoHuM26OA9YAh1JeU30nV51xd7XZ/lFB+zCB9yTx+eijTGoH5s2mgkU+K6PLlU0v3q1CAh2sTl91417158SSYL5k+2+44di/3dSevny4W/jBjdS0W02Ev2ilNCCoqmU9Lp1Q7BLzrK18kH9xLNyye9raXZvy/er7MWrzcr0JGDw9hucdE894DXyavrvVqXGCkefFQRhLTR+ult6hlNX2yuVSnNCq2cX9RyUNiSB5XCSxf+12Fs9N0IulkLdyvQgEeHmpif3cyHHOlqjGxjTULVNLJbwpOFUNg5xp3MeZNWDFUhdiOp9Aeql1dsyzu513+2pd93cmGv7NItojJlX7ggEpmCTVpXSfQupM0EnPd6y3/3K9CAR4eYeKW7uR80Dlp9YbTqcxOhucn97UPVHIfIT4vE4Hm6Zm4u3j6fHvCyk4V4v2n1nA6bEWmQqO7nu1UITplF5q9i+19OsTDLOX7M4y3x9F7/nT3zMqu7qQ3fjSVXMG6tlyhzQv7mgcquY8Qn5eKQPe+P9O0GJ6bGCburPm2/iWd4PGzxpUhaSdQTITMViGdq9libNbDRNu3mfDG58GG2P79brLf6+7k862Pg7lO2f0wueg25cpQZVQyAyySloBA8A0Jth13BnNv06X0vOCs28CEekpXpqH3PS5HVz0Tp+A2bE1WIR9XTXq4o011J8H2x0gcJYiDjjo00J9NdoikXuweBgm3rsVrPczwy3qUbkPDMRs/yQsBJwmkODyXdld5rKj4gTc/SdIaSgKadLvKg6NC5g5ZRra+pHR1b2BTeLi3jD0JspxQjO7W13k3AVttVI/J8t4zjPQlS9A9wsWMBPyhbnAeMXbOYmn+gOH88XDRvtPK6OK+5LlUwairuXi4jSXBxOq4zP4wrnb5hAvsToLDN6tbwfzkLuHc9oMnp+1rrnwOgWQCMuO3Hvvd7B78beX1xoPn9ybFHws6wFWiviFAX5LWAIHDCKwXZ2aNXuIj2A4rNZdcJXI1l/ofWSgqeSRAsteegL8cGz0rtwNK88JCRzLkSwZXax/WEABUktYAgawEZJ11s1Tub8Nz90xkiVzNGoXi0jMvWRxrLFWGgDzPPPRQDFk1TjkvaQFAiVy1QCedSVQyHSdSQQACdSXAiLuukafeEIBAOgKoZDpOpIIABOpKAJWsa+SpNwQgkI4AKpmOE6kgAIG6EkAl6xp56g0BCKQjgEqm40QqCECgrgRQybpGnnpDAALpCKCS6TiRCgIQqCsBVLKukafeEIBAOgKoZDpOpIIABOpKAJWsa+SpNwQgkI7A/wCY6Gqd6jMH8AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
Question 69.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
Answer:On invitation the nitronium ion is largely electrophile, in search of electron attaches to ortho and para position and some amount to meta, which upon reacting with aq. NaOH gives p-nitrophenol.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 70.How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
Answer:It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under the presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 71.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Chloroethane to butane
Answer:In presence of a salt like NaBr alkane combine together to form products.
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAV4AAAAiCAIAAACY3iZDAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAB8FJREFUeF7tXDt66joQdu5a4BTnYwXOChwaqrTpoIQmHWW6NKGELm0qGmAFYQV8FNh74Y4k62XJRrJlMJxxxUMajX6NRvPQ+Ol8Pkf4IAKIACKgI/AfAoIIIAKIgIkAqgaUCkQAEbAggKoBxQIRQARQNaAMIAKIgBsCaDW44fRYrbLF8/Mi0+e0mzxNdsGmGZZaMLaQkDsCqBrcsbp9S9hw/GFbm/4gd7njhtx9zgbzaS/wfGz6JvAQSO6KCKBquCLYTYfarQ9fKWSb4dkOZm/s3B+PxUdH+rv1ajxKHBtjs38VAVQNd7TyyfKXn/XJaMwZH71/RbNPwxeAQ1yYGJqroGkGaYe8rHKC9PRfcPtEcTKgreaGKCM8L3aLt9l+P+vDmLzLmtOQvbQuzKNRhwvo0dzRsnaUVVQNoReGbra2ZTxbfKwGf3KXoDedj1cfxdhBb/rLDIzzOf06vAiOiOnxntsMu8mLtEOEromi/ew4YsaJJEyGHCtuyG7SP875AK8/H9H8K46pUbNk1FcRo5EKzVXokps9ynB5z9BLgvQcEDDk1qIaFIeWHTv6wWGV+5b3w52x5LAQjZrAFvt5TZV9lFgNB4Faf7bn48EGP7wOc51C7AdrzCHmyoMQ/tnQqMbnLBIqhXxfr6LVS26XwAD746kwJ+609Iav8eEENMwuKesihmuESnXnKhEye5bJc8tybpmC4Ltw2tTixAsEXTXQrvIgYTo/JhLQ9jFYuq7Ikg4NMck//qbCs2D/5oaDsjsBt5dom5/qW24RZJufSGgGl40IhAfEW7FpkTEnT0dZDh3oFbpcJ+DRQRFSoMqyQqrIAmMcx5FpFzrgLZv4g6CoBhA68Ddh8TSxo3apEC0vbpo3RpZ0DGF9iRVf0Au0TbKEyOSMxwvoTyLWSI5r+oBmUFMT/b/xap0HKUSb4qpBVAPOBjgvuBfCGtCfxYEBCzXZgGdwzO0A69KbXcIlS0tlrYMipPGabT6pVVb5DObzMXh5ZkDpUsf8/1ogSNUAFuO+zLRLljfxApElXYrA2wcXnlvxRVMOjP9YtgdVEfGW64hZDSRpqaYmetNviEIwp4C3MYWN0jUdj2RJQhjCoxiMpiTkQX4otTCNLu1bDR0UIcftrDeji1BhOBRdBS1eXBMEGaoCuWJhpIqHmg+6VZiHq+y/V1O78C/4MnfIUhlEjaAI0hk4syzdRdKwDBfl4iKR1huk263m3/AArIsImcxdT87Tr3HlppOc6NuhwKG+tnrTmvtIWA3pEUJVIuhdqdmUc4unx0Tmq5ZKLOl03yyFRCIMrWTJkwce9DJISvqFJzyIB2za65/WxSRNFHmIkMnLteTcEQUSTyr1KvS1ZU1Z/Lg2CHWSl2VWg9sUtXy7zLxrt/rcKCmtOsiS9xy62YHEmmyxjc5x25suh5uJqR3qM9pMqOqPW9rzglehOhUBzmpdNdAcU8uPkm8vGHJWCXwAlsqVoaYZ8UtTBPqzFdy5MkId1xAh501TFAbGs/oY1S2Sdm44iAsh4h+Wf1hJZWYkDvxBEKqBXq8TNojzTNts+CgslSvD1j3wf2sA5rerEfPuiVBRGMxYQ6WNBtFl06sgt9FoCNCeLKgJgrQaqLVSkiDZTdzvNahmjXsvq4oJwpJRktRImwVhqREH2NmOQLaYbIbLYtGYz3oRSfGRWKOeTFoEFSd/0/XLvYqPQ4FQ/LdfRtoHBElDcShAn4FGgtiLeVHew3PJThGPuGr3c2shEoAla0lSLWZYpwAsNRgdu5YhkKV/RrZiUtf1gm39cVCSv9VIUyWgXDIlrUnAdsCyJLL4rYUFY17FXlxwBZmE+6aqxU+uu2k3XFxB0LjVYw0Q56RX3hXnpw/3YyGj6XyvAaJBfIUgPFyhyhxBa8qSvSTJcXB7s6YsNRr8lp27XHbdS5KyWxIO60WrO37nA1d0qVtAk4LiIRdNzfvlrgS92lGvQn3o1me1bfSOysi8pOgAQpGHVrxRxnnHsuFkJevk9VtB6C6J3scNB29oxbQ8L37ocGjf3JG6dK/BezbBOtRJXl7WcERFnc/f0ZuX73aZboMWRklSA1r33FW+7UXWWHNrQH0TjPisFE2TKqq87LoQaG/Rt24bbGYwBH+xjSvbveE7r3Zz7XKldu2oBsa8KLm70lxKh7GXJN2aq9uMD3UTLI9FiiZYRupizRWv0RZn4TKRgXZiIdrrN28zQc9Rs9NB3D0HB70YavOkVqN5rxf6dVs1mLB1Ca0aSJ0NL5oBkdu73a8MNBkrmYqSpDaH7Spt0Ne0zJqEZ7es4jo9XrjuWF40Tep24I0PzpGo7qGiJhOZQ1HTgiDA8gIoUsHuVeDaPVyiKLRqAIBkzY3+UoGbTJ+lfEtLkm7C020HJSJ8TEEzvA4TqiZ2p0M9BQ56gbw3ouZWui0KDUfnGQrqX+XelFKsBury+2YuSsOpye7BohZI6F4QoEFiFiNmQXYenIU/eOiYugk0E6dE1LRArmxxL/NGPr0QCG01BFNZSKg1BMjtuJjZuzQjLjLM9GVRLANmrdGmL4xhZddFa8znqlBrE0PCIRF4AkUSkh7SQgQQgYdAAK2Gh1hGnAQiEBoBVA2hEUV6iMBDIICq4SGWESeBCIRGAFVDaESRHiLwEAj8D3quFLPfW9kyAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Question 72.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Benzene to diphenyl
Answer:Bromination of benzene would give us bromo benzene and upon reacting with sodium salt, it could club together called as Wurtz reaction.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 73.How the following conversions can be carried out?
tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
Answer:It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 74.How the following conversions can be carried out?
Aniline to phenylisocyanide
Answer:Aniline on reaction with trichloride alkyl group and KOH forms isophenylcyanide. It is electrophillic addition reaction in which an electron deficient group attaches to benzene ring at ortho or para.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 75.The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are major products. Explain.
Answer:an aqueous solution, KOH almost completely ionizes to give OH-ions. OH- ion is a strong nucleophile(see the imp. note below), which leads the alkyl chloride to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction to form alcohol.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
On the other hand, an alcoholic solution of KOH contains alkoxide (RO-) ion, it is a strong base. Thus, it can abstract a hydrogen ion from the beta-carbon of the alkyl chloride and form an alkene by eliminating a molecule of HCl.OH- ion is a much weaker base than RO- ion. Also, OH- ion is highly solvated (because more energy is released on solvation)in an aqueous solution and as a result, the basic character of OH-ion decreases.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Therefore, it cannot abstract a hydrogen from the beta -carbon.
The concept used hydroxide ion is a strong nucleophile but weaker base than -OR group.
Question 76.Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (d), C8H18 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions.
Answer:There are two primary alkyl halides having the formulaC4H9Br, They are n - butyl bromide and isobutyl bromide.
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)
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)
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Therefore, compound (a) is either n-butyl bromide or isobutyl bromide.
Now, compound (a) reacts with Na metal to give compound (b) of molecular formula, C18H18 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide reacts with Na metal.
Hence, compound (a) must be isobutyl bromide.
Thus, compound (d) is 2, 5-dimethylhexane.
It is given that compound (a) reacts with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Hence, compound (b) is 2-methylpropene.
Also, compound (b) reacts with HBr to give compound (c) which is an isomer of (a). Hence, compound (c) is 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.:
Question 77.What happens when
n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH,
Answer:When n - butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH, the formation of but - l - ene takes place. This reaction is a dehydrohalogenation reaction.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 78.What happens when
bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether,
Answer:When bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether, phenylmagnesium bromide is formed.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 79.What happens when
chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis,
Answer:Chlorobenzene does not undergo hydrolysis under normal conditions. However, it undergoes hydrolysis when heated in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 623 K and a pressure of 300 atm to form phenol.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 80.What happens when
ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH,
Answer:When ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH, it undergoes hydrolysis to form ethanol.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 81.What happens when
methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether,
Answer:When methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether, ethane is formed. This reaction is known as the Wurtz reaction.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 82.What happens when
methyl chloride is treated with KCN?
Answer:When methyl chloride is treated with KCN, it undergoes a substitution reaction to give methyl cyanide.
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Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3CH3
Answer:
(i) 2-chloro-3-methylbutane, (2◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The Cl atom is attached with two alkyl groups therefore 2◦ alkyl halide.
(ii) 3-chloro-4-methylhexane (2◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The Cl atom is attached with two alkyl groups therefore 2◦ alkyl halide.
(iii) 1-iodo-2,2-dimethylbutane (1◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom I is attached with one alkyl group therefore 1◦ alkyl halide.
(iv) 1-bromo-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbutane (2◦ benzylic halide)
Explanation: The atom Br is attached with two alkyl groups with the benzene group therefore 2◦ benzylic halide.
(v) 2-bromo-3-methylbutane (2◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom Br is attached with two alkyl groups therefore 2◦ alkyl halide.
(vi) 1-bromo-2-ethyl-2-methylbutane (1◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom Br is attached with one alkyl group therefore 1◦ alkyl halide.)
(vii) 3-chloro-3-methylpentane (3◦ alkyl halide)
Explanation: The atom Cl is attached with three alkyl groups therefore 3◦ alkyl halide.
(viii) 3-chloro-5-methylhex-2-ene (vinylic halide)
Explanation: The atom Cl is attached with the double bond i.e. at vinyllic position ∴ vinylic halide.)
(ix) 4-bromo-4-methylpent-2-ene (allylic halide)
Explanation: The Br atom is attached with the carbon next to the double bond i.e. at allylic position therefore allylic halide.
(x) 1-chloro-4-(2-methylpropyl)benzene (aryl halide)
Explanation: The Cl atom is attached with the benzene i.e. at aryl position therefore aryl halide.
(xi) 1-chloro-3-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)benzene (1◦ benzylic halide)
Explanation: The Cl is attached with one alkyl group at the benzene carbon therefore 1◦ benzylic halide.
(xii) 1-bromo-2-(1-methylpropyl)benzene (aryl halide)
Explanation: The Br is attached with the benzene i.e. at aryl position therefore aryl halide.
Question 2.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
But-1-ene to but-2-ene
Answer:
CH3-CH2-CH=CH2 +HBr---> CH3-CH2-CH(Br)-CH3
This reaction happens according to Markonikoffs rule
Now reacting this with alcoholic KOH gives alkenes
CH3-CH2-CH(Br)-CH3 + KOH (alc)——-> CH3CH=CHCH3 + KBr + H2O
Question 3.
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
CH3CH(Cl)CH(Br)CH3
Answer:
The IUPAC name of the give compound is: :2-Bromo-3-chlorobutane
Question 4.
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
CHF2CBrClF :1-bromo-1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
Answer:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order. Eg: bromo is written before chloro and fluoro as B comes before C and F.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet. Since Br is attached to first carbon and Cl Is also attached to first carbon i.e. it is written as 1-Bromo and 1-chloro.
3. Since there are 3 F present so it is written as trifluoro.
4. And at the last write the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain i.e. ethane of 2 carbons.
Question 5.
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
ClCH2C≡CCH2Br: 1-bromo-4-chlorobut-2-yne
Answer:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order. That is why bromo is written before chloro as B comes before C.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet. Since Br is attached to 1 position and Cl isattached to fourthposition i.e. it is written as 1-Bromo and 4-chloro.
3. Also there is a presence of triple bond at the second carbon so the suffix used for triple bond is “yne” along with the position of the bond i.e. but-2-yne )
Question 6.
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(CCl3)3CCl
Answer:
2-(trichloromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptachloropropane
Explanation:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet.
3. Because of the presence of 3 CCl3 group tri is used as a prefix.
4. Since 7 Cl atoms are present in all therefore hepta is used a prefix with the position of chlorine. And at the last write the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain i.e. propane)
Question 7.
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
CH3C(p-ClC6H4)2CH(Br)CH3
Answer:
2-bromo-3,3-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)butane
Explanation:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet.
3. Because of the presence of 2 (p-ClC6H2) group bis is used as a prefix instead of di because C6H4 contains itself contains numbers 6 & 4.
4. And at the last write the name of the longest hydrocarbon chain i.e. butane)
Question 8.
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(CH3)3CCH=CClC6H4I-p
Answer:
1-chloro-1-(4-iodophenyl)-3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene
Explanation:
1. While writing the IUPAC name, write the name of side substituent according to the alphabetical order.
2. Always use a hyphen {-} between a number and a alphabet.
3. Because of the presence of 2 methyl group di is used as a prefix.
4. And the presence of double bond has the ending ‘ene’ and the presence of double bond at the first position is written as but-1-ene.)
Question 9.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘pentane’ consisting of 5 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituents at their respective place. For eg. Chlorine(Cl) at second carbon and methyl(CH3) at third carbon.
Question 10.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
p-Bromochlorobenzene
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘benzene’ a cyclic structure consisting of 6 carbons with 3 double bonds.
2. Now, place the substituent Bromine(Br) at the para position i.e. at the fourth carbon.
Question 11.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
Answer:
(1-Chloro-4-ethyl cyclohecane)
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘cyclohexane’ a cyclic structure consisting of 6 carbons with 0 double bonds.
2. Now, place the substituent Chlorine(Cl) at the first carbon and ethyl(C2H5) at the fourth carbon.
Question 12.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
2-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-iodooctane
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘octane’ i.e. straight chain of 8 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituent Iodine(I) at the first carbon and chlorophenyl at second carbon.
Question 13.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
2-Bromobutane
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘butane’ i.e. straight chain of 4 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituent Bromine(Br) at the second carbon.
Question 14.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
4-tert-Butyl-3-iodoheptane
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘heptane’ i.e. straight chain of 7 carbons.
2. Now, place the substituent Iodine(I) at the third carbon and tert butyl at fourth carbon.
Question 15.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
1-Bromo-4-sec-butyl-2-methylbenzene
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘benzene’ a cyclic structure consisting of 6 carbons with 3 double bonds.
2. Now, place the substituent Bromine(Br) at the first carbon,methyl(CH3) at second carbon and sec butyl at fourth carbon.
Question 16.
Write the structures of the following organic halogen compounds.
1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Write the longest chain first i.e. in this case it is ‘butane’ i.e. straight chain of 4 carbons and a double and second carbon.
2. Now, place the substituents Bromine(Br) at the first and fourth carbon.
Question 17.
Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?
(i) CH2Cl2 (ii) CHCl3 (iii) CCl4
Answer:
The three dimensional structures of the three compounds along with the direction of dipole moment in each of their bonds are given below:-
CCl4 being symmetrical has zero dipole moment. In CHCl3, the resultant of the two C-Cl dipole moments is opposed by the resultant of C-H and C-Cl bonds. Since the dipole Moment of latter resultant is expected to be smaller than the former,CHCl3 has a finite dipole moment(1.03D)
In CH2Cl2, the resultant of two C-Cl dipole moments is reinforced by resultant of two C-H dipoles. Therefore, CH2Cl2(1.62D) has a dipole moment higher than that of CHCl3. Thus ,CH2Cl2 has the highest dipole moment.
Question 18.
A hydrocarbon C5H10 does not react with chlorine in dark but gives a single monochloro compound C5H9Cl in bright sunlight. Identify the hydrocarbon.
Answer:
The hydrocarbon with molecular formula C5H10 can either form a cycloalkane or an alkene. Since the compound does not react with Cl2in the dark, therefore it cannot be an alkene but must be a cycloalkane. Since the cycloalkane reacts with Cl2 in the presence of bright sunlight to give a single monochloro compound, C5H9Cl, therefore, all the ten hydrogen atoms of the cycloalkanes must be equivalent. Thus, the cycloalkane is cyclopentane.
Question 19.
Write the isomers of the compound having formula C4H9Br.
Answer:
Double bond equivalent is used to find the level of unsaturations present in an organic molecule.
DBE =
Where C= number of carbon atoms present
H=number of hydrogen atoms present
N=number of nitrogen atoms present
X=number of halogen atoms present
Double bond equivalent (DBE) for C4H9Br
=
=0
So none of the isomers has a ring or unsaturation, so the isomers are positions or chain isomers as shown below in the table:
Question 20.
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
1-butanol
Answer:
1-butanol is treated with KI in the presence of H3PO4 where the OH is being replaced by the iodine and gives H2O and KH2PO4 as the by-product with 1-iodobutane as the final product.
Question 21.
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
1-chlorobutane
Answer:
The conversion of 1-chlorobutane to 1-iodobutane simply takes place by treating the reactant with KI in the presence of acetone. The iodine from KI normally replaces the chlorine from the reactant and gives 1-iodobutane as the final product with KCl as the by product.
Question 22.
Write the equations for the preparation of 1-iodobutane from
but-1-ene.
Answer:
The conversion of but-1-ene to 1-iodobutane takes place according to anti-markovnikoff (positive charged ion H+ goes to the carbon which has less number of hydrogens and negative part Br- goes to the carbon which has more number of hydrogens.) i.e. the attack of HBr on but-1-ene in the presence of peroxide gives 1-bromobutane as the intermediate which on treatment with NaI+Acetone gives 1-iodobutane as the final product and NaBr as the by-product.
Question 23.
What are ambident nucleophiles? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Ambident Nucleophiles are those nucleophilies which can attack through different sites.
For example:-cyanide ions are a resonance hybrid of the following two structures:
It can attack through carbon to form cyanide and through N to form is O cyanide.
Example: NO2, NO3- etc.
Question 24.
Which compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in SN2 reaction with –OH?
(i) CH3Br or CH3I (ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
Answer:
(i) Since I- ion is a better leaving group than Br- ion, therefore, CH3I reacts faster CH3Br in SN2 reaction with OH- ion.
Note: Better the leaving group, faster is the SN2 reaction.
(ii) On steric grounds, 1◦ alkyl halides are more reactive than tert-alkyl halides in SN2 reactions. Therefore, CH3Cl will react at a faster rate than (CH3)3CCl in a SN2 reaction with OH- ion.(bulkier the g8roup, slower is the SN2 reaction.)
Question 25.
Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane
Answer:
The reaction of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol gives 2 products: - major and minor as shown below:
And,
The 2 products are obtained because of the presence of two types of beta (β) hydrogen.
According to saytzeff rule, the alkene formed in greatest amount (major) is the one that corresponds to removal of the hydrogen from the β-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents.
When the 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane reacts with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, removal of HBr takes place giving two products one major and the other minor.
(In the major product number of alpha hydrogen=5 and in the minor product no. of alpha product=4)
Question 26.
Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
2-Chloro-2-methylbutane
Answer:
The reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol gives 2 products: - major and minor.
The 2 products are obtained because of the presence of two types of beta (β) hydrogen.
According to saytzeff rule, the alkene formed in greatest amount (major) is the one that corresponds to removal of the hydrogen from the β-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents.
When the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane reacts with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, removal of HBr takes place giving two products one major and the other minor.
(In the major product number of alpha hydrogen=6 and in the minor product no. of alpha product=5)
And,
Question 27.
Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by dehydrohalogenation of the following halides with sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene:
2,2,3-Trimethyl-3-bromopentane.
Answer:
The reaction of 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-bromopentane with sodium ethoxide in ethanol gives 2 products: - major and minor.
The 2 products are obtained because of the presence of two types of beta (β) hydrogen.
According to saytzeff rule, the alkene formed in greatest amount (major) is the one that corresponds to removal of the hydrogen from the β-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents.
When the 2,2,3-trimethyl-3-bromopentane reacts with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, removal of HBr takes place giving two products one major and the other minor.
(In the major product number of alpha hydrogen=6 and in the minor product no. of alpha product=2)
and,
Question 28.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Ethanol to but-1-yne
Answer:
Since the conversion of ethanol to but-1-yne involves the addition the two extra carbons that is why the conversion is carried out in 3 steps.
1. In the first step ethanol is treated with thionyl chloride (SOCl2) in the presence of pyridine to give chloroethane.
2. In the second step the acetylene is treated with sodamide(NaNH2) in the presence of liquid ammonia to give sodium acetylide.
3. The last step involves the reaction between chloroethane and sodium acetylide to give the final product as the But-1-yne and NaCl as the by-product.
Question 29.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Ethane to bromoethene
Answer:
The bromination of ethane (Br2 in the presence of light at 520-670K) gives bromoethane which on further treatment with alcoholic KOH results in the alkene called ethane which again on bromination with Br2/CCl4 gives dibromide(vicinal bromide) called 1,2-dibromoethane which on treatment with alcoholic KOH gives bromoethene as the final product.
Question 30.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Propene to 1-nitropropane
Answer:
Propene on treatment with HBr in the presence of peroxide (anti-markovnikoff’s rule which states the negative part i.e. Br- goes to the carbon which has more number of hydrogens and positive part i.e. H+ goes to the carbon which has lesser number of hydrogens) gives 1-bromopropane which on treatment with silver nitrite in the presence of alcohol or water gives 1-nitropropane as the final product.
Question 31.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Toluene to benzyl alcohol
Answer:
Chlorination of toluene (Cl2 at 773K) gives benzyl chloride with the removal of HCl. Benzyl Chloride on further treatment with dilute KOH in the presence of heat gives benzyl alcohol as the final product.(dilute KOH removes Cl from the benzyl chloride and replaces it by OH)
Question 32.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Propene to propyne
Answer:
Propene is treated with Br2/CCl4 i.e. bromination of alkene takes place to give dibromides, in this case 1,2-dibromopropane which on further treatment with alcoholic KOH gives propyne.(two times removal of KBr)
Question 33.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Ethanol to ethyl fluoride
Answer:
Ethanol in treatment with thionyl chloride(SOCl2) in the presence of pyridine gives ethyl chloride with the evolution of SO2 gas. The ethyl chloride on treatment with mercury fluoride gives ethyl fluoride (the Cl of ethyl chloride is being replaced by F from Hg2F2).
Question 34.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Bromomethane to propanone
Answer:
Bromoethane on treatment with alcoholic KCN forms Acetonitrile with the removal of KBr. CN is added in the case where there is a need to increase the number of carbons. Further the acetonitrile is treated with CH3MgBr(Grignard reagent) in the presence of ether, the intermediate so formed is hydrolysed, and the product formation takes place i.e. Propanone and NH3 is obtained as the by-product.
Question 35.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
1-Chlorobutane to n-octane
Answer:
The conversion of 1-chlorobutane to n-octane in the presence of Na metal and dry ether is called Wurtz reaction. Two equivalent Chlorobutane reacts to give n-octane as a final product and NaCl as the by-product.
Question 36.
How will you bring about the following conversions?
Benzene to biphenyl.
Answer:
The conversion of benzene to biphenyl using Na and dry ether is called FITTIG reaction.
Firstly, the benzene is treated with Br2/FeBr3 results in the formation of bromobenzene. It is an electrophilic substitution. Further the bromobenzene is treated with Na metal in presence of dry ether to form biphenyl as the final product and NaBr as the by-product.
If instead of Na metal, bromobenzene is treated with Cu metal then the reaction is called Ullmann’s reaction. The final product obtained in this reaction will also be biphenyl.
Question 37.
Explain why
The dipole moment of chlorobenzene is lower than that of cyclohexylchloride?
Answer:
sp2 hybrid carbon(s-character=33.33%) in chlorobenzene is more electronegative than a sp3-hybrid carbon(s-character=25%) in cyclohexylchloride, due to greater s-character. Thus, Carbon atom of chlorobenzene has lesstendency to release electrons to Cl than carbon atom of cyclohexylchloride.
As a result,C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene is less polar than in cyclohexylchloride. Further due to delocalisation of lone pairs of electrons of the Cl atom over the benzene ring, C-Cl bond in cholorobenzene acquires some double bond character while the C-Cl in cyclohexylchloride is a pure single bond. In other words, C-Cl bond in chlorobenzene is shorter than in cyclohexylchloride. Since the dipole moment is a product of charge and distance, therefore, chlorobenzene has lower dipole moment than cyclohexylchloride due to lower magnitude of negative charge on the Cl atom and shorter C-Cl distance.(double bond is of shorter length than single bond)
Question 38.
Explain why
Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water?
Answer:
Alkyl halides are polar molecules, therefore their molecules are held together by dipole-dipole interaction. The molecules of H2O are held together by hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). Since the new force of attraction between water and alkyl halide molecules are weaker than the forces of attraction already existing between alkyl halide-alkyl halide molecule and water-water molecules, therefore alkyl halides are immiscible (not soluble) in water. Alkyl halide are neither able to form H-bonds with water nor are able to break the H-bonding network of water.
Question 39.
Explain why
Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions?
Answer:
Grignard reagents are very reactive. They react with moisture present in the apparatus to form alkanes.
R-Mg-X + H-OH → R-H + Mg(OH)X
Thus Grignard reagents must be prepared under anhydrous conditions.
Question 40.
Give the uses of Freon 12, DDT, carbon tetrachloride and iodoform.
Answer:
(i) Freon 12:- the chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane and ethane are collectively known as freons. They are extremely stable,unreactive, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Example of Freon 12 is CCl2F2. It is mainly used in refrigeration and eventually makes its way into the atmosphere where it diffuses unchanged into the stratosphere. In stratosphere, Freon is able to initiate the radical chain reactions that can upset the natural ozone balance.
(ii) DDT: - it stands for p, p’-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). It is mainly used as an insecticide.
(iii) Iodoform: - it was earlier used as an antiseptic but the antiseptic properties are due the liberation of free iodine and not due to the iodoform itself. Due to its objectionable smell, it has been replaced by other formulations containing iodine.
(iv) Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4):- it is used as an industrial solvent for oils, fats, resins etc. and also in dry cleaning. Used as a cleaning fluid both in industries, as a degreasing agent and in the home, as a spot remover and as a fire extinguisher.
Question 41.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2CH2Cl + NaI
Answer:
It is a simple substitution reaction with Cl being replaced by iodide ion.
Question 42.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
(CH3)3CBr + KOH
Answer:
Question 43.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH(Br)CH2CH3 + NaOH
Answer:
It is also a simple substitution reaction in which under the presence of aqueous NaOH, bromide ion is replaced by hydroxide ion as it is a better leaving group than hydroxide ion.
Question 44.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2Br + KCN
Answer:
It is a simple substitution reaction in which a better leaving group leaves and is being substituted by an ion.
CH3CH2Br + kCN CH3CH2CN + kBr
Question 45.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl
Answer:
It is a simple substitution reaction in which a better leaving group leaves and is being substituted by an ion.
C6H5ONa + C2H5Cl → C6H5 – O – C2H5 + NaCl
Question 46.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2CH2OH + SOCl2
Answer:
This reaction is called as wurtz reaction in which in which clubbing together of a alkyl halide group with a sodium or potassium salt of an ether group.
Question 47.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH2CH = CH2+ HBr
Answer:
It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
Question 48.
Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:
CH3CH = C(CH3)2 + HBr
Answer:
It is a markovnikoff reaction in which an alkene undergoes substitution reaction with hydrohalide, wherein a halo group is attached to that carbon atom which has largest no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
Question 49.
Write the mechanism of the following reaction:
nBuBr + KCN nBuCN
Answer:
The given reaction is a nucleophillic reaction:
nBuBr + KCN nBuCN
The given reaction is an SN2 reaction. In this reaction, CN acts as the stronger nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom to which Br is attached in nBuBr.
And, CN- ion is an ambident nucleophile and can attack through both C and N. In this case, it attacks through the C-atom.
The mechanism is shown below:
Question 50.
Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane
Answer:
The reaction involves the approaching of the nucleophile to the carbon atom to which the leaving group is attached. When the nucleophile is sterically hindered(does not have any free space or very crowded), then the reactivity towards SN2 displacement decreases. Due to the presence of substituents, hindrance to the approaching nucleophile increases in the following order.
1-Bromopentane < 2-bromopentane < 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane.
The structures are shown below:
Hence, the increasing order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement is:
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 2-Bromopentane < 1-Bromopentane
Question 51.
Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:
1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane
Answer:
The stearic hinderance in alkyl halides increases in the order of 1° < 2° < 3°, the increasing order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement is given as-
3° < 2° < 1°.
The structures are given below:
Hence, the given set of compounds can be arranged in the increasing order of their reactivity towards SN2 displacement as:
2-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 2-Bromo-3-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane
Question 52.
Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:
1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2 dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane.
Answer:
The stearic hinderance to the nucleophile in the SN2 mechanism increases with a decrease in the distance of the substituents from the atom containing the leaving group. Further, the stearic hinderance increases with an increase in the number of substituents. Therefore, the
increasing order of steric hindrances in the given compounds is as below:
1-Bromobutane < 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane
The structures are given below:
Hence, the increasing order of reactivity of the given compounds towards SN2 displacement
1-Bromo-2, 2-dimethylpropane < 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane < 1-Bromo-3- methylbutane < 1-Bromobutane
Question 53.
Out of C6H5CH2Cl and C6H5CHClC6H5, which is more easily hydrolysed by aqueous KOH.
Answer:
Hydrolysis by KOH results in the formation of the carbocation. Those compounds which leads to the formation of stable carbocation are easily hydrolysed.C6H5CH2Cl leads to formation of 1°-carbocation, while C6H5CHClC6H5 forms 2°-carbocation, which is more stable than 1°-carbocation. Hence C6H5CHClC6H5, is hydrolyzed more easily than C6H5CH2Cl by aqueous KOH.
Question 54.
p-Dichlorobenzene has higher m.p. than those of o- and m-isomers. Discuss.
Answer:
p-Dichlorobenzene is more symmetrical than o-and m-isomers. Because it fits more closely and easily in the crystal lattice than o-and m-isomers. Therefore, more energy is required to break the crystal lattice of p-dichlorobenzene. Therefore, p-dichlorobenzene is symmetrical and has a higher melting point and lower solubility than o-and m-isomers due to strong force of attraction in crystal. Therefore more energy required to break lattice and will not easily be soluble.
Question 55.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Propene to propan-1-ol
Answer:
It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under the presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
Question 56.
How can the following conversions be carried out?
- Ethanol to But-1-yne
Answer:
1. Treat ethanol with thionyl chloride SOCl2 to get chloroethane
2. Chloroethane when reacted with sodium acetylide forms but- 1-yne.
Question 57.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane
Answer:
Alcoholic KOH causes the elimination of a proton forming an alkene and by reaction with HBr causes markonikoffs addition, which attaches to a more substituted carbon atom.
Question 58.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Toluene to benzyl alcohol
Answer:
Chlorine causes the chlorination of the alky group in presence of UV light and further reaction with aqueous KOH causes substitution reactions.
Question 59.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene
Answer:
first, it is brominated by Br in presence of light and then it is nitrated by the concentrated by a sulphuric acid with leads to attachment of the nitronium ion which is electron deficiency and attacks on ortho and para position.
Question 60.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid
Answer:
First is the simple substitution reaction with potassium pentachloride and then with cyanide ion and finally, hydrolysis by proton leads to acid formation.
Question 61.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Ethanol to propanenitrile
Answer:
The alkyl reacts with Br in presence of red phosphorous to give a substitution reaction forming alkyl chloride and then another substitution with KCN.
Question 62.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Aniline to chlorobenzene
Answer:
the amine group is detached by a more electrophile with leads to form an intermediate on reacting with cuprous chloride form chlorobenzene.
Question 63.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane
Answer:
In presence of a salt like NaBr alkane combine together to form products.
Question 64.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
Answer:
It is a markovnikoff reaction in which an alkene undergoes substitution reaction with hydrohalide, wherein a halo group is attached to that carbon atom which has largest no. Of alkyl groups attached to it
Question 65.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid
Answer:
on reacting with a compound having a bad leaving group the better leaving group Cl detaches and is substituted by a CN ion and upon hydrolysis leads to acid formation.
Question 66.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
But-1-ene to n-butyliodide
Answer:
Alcoholic KOH causes the elimination of a proton forming an alkene and by reaction with HBr causes markonikoffs addition, which attaches to a more substituted carbon atom.
Question 67.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol
Answer:
It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under the presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
Question 68.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform
Answer:
chromic acid is a good oxidizing agent which oxidizes secondary alcohol to the ketone, upon reaction with NaOI having a better leaving grp. attaches to the carbonyl group and is substituted in place of methyl.
Question 69.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol
Answer:
On invitation the nitronium ion is largely electrophile, in search of electron attaches to ortho and para position and some amount to meta, which upon reacting with aq. NaOH gives p-nitrophenol.
Question 70.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane
Answer:
It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under the presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
Question 71.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Chloroethane to butane
Answer:
In presence of a salt like NaBr alkane combine together to form products.
Question 72.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Benzene to diphenyl
Answer:
Bromination of benzene would give us bromo benzene and upon reacting with sodium salt, it could club together called as Wurtz reaction.
Question 73.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide
Answer:
It is an antimarkovnikoff reaction in which under presence of a peroxide an alkene undergoes substitution, wherein the halo group is attached to that carbon which has least no. Of alkyl groups attached to it.
Question 74.
How the following conversions can be carried out?
Aniline to phenylisocyanide
Answer:
Aniline on reaction with trichloride alkyl group and KOH forms isophenylcyanide. It is electrophillic addition reaction in which an electron deficient group attaches to benzene ring at ortho or para.
Question 75.
The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are major products. Explain.
Answer:
an aqueous solution, KOH almost completely ionizes to give OH-ions. OH- ion is a strong nucleophile(see the imp. note below), which leads the alkyl chloride to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction to form alcohol.
On the other hand, an alcoholic solution of KOH contains alkoxide (RO-) ion, it is a strong base. Thus, it can abstract a hydrogen ion from the beta-carbon of the alkyl chloride and form an alkene by eliminating a molecule of HCl.OH- ion is a much weaker base than RO- ion. Also, OH- ion is highly solvated (because more energy is released on solvation)in an aqueous solution and as a result, the basic character of OH-ion decreases.
Therefore, it cannot abstract a hydrogen from the beta -carbon.
The concept used hydroxide ion is a strong nucleophile but weaker base than -OR group.
Question 76.
Primary alkyl halide C4H9Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (d), C8H18 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions.
Answer:
There are two primary alkyl halides having the formulaC4H9Br, They are n - butyl bromide and isobutyl bromide.
Therefore, compound (a) is either n-butyl bromide or isobutyl bromide.
Now, compound (a) reacts with Na metal to give compound (b) of molecular formula, C18H18 which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide reacts with Na metal.
Hence, compound (a) must be isobutyl bromide.
Thus, compound (d) is 2, 5-dimethylhexane.
It is given that compound (a) reacts with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Hence, compound (b) is 2-methylpropene.
Also, compound (b) reacts with HBr to give compound (c) which is an isomer of (a). Hence, compound (c) is 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.:
Question 77.
What happens when
n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH,
Answer:
When n - butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH, the formation of but - l - ene takes place. This reaction is a dehydrohalogenation reaction.
Question 78.
What happens when
bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether,
Answer:
When bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether, phenylmagnesium bromide is formed.
Question 79.
What happens when
chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis,
Answer:
Chlorobenzene does not undergo hydrolysis under normal conditions. However, it undergoes hydrolysis when heated in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 623 K and a pressure of 300 atm to form phenol.
Question 80.
What happens when
ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH,
Answer:
When ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH, it undergoes hydrolysis to form ethanol.
Question 81.
What happens when
methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether,
Answer:
When methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether, ethane is formed. This reaction is known as the Wurtz reaction.
Question 82.
What happens when
methyl chloride is treated with KCN?
Answer:
When methyl chloride is treated with KCN, it undergoes a substitution reaction to give methyl cyanide.
Intext Questions Pg-291
Question 1.Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points.
(i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane.
(ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane.
Answer:The order of increasing boiling point is
i) Chloromethane (CH3Cl)< Bromomethane (CH3Br) < Dibromomethane (CH2Br2)< Bromoform (CHBr3)
ii) Isopropyl chloride (C3H7Cl)< 1-Chloropropane (C3H7Cl) < 1-Chlorobutane(C4H9Cl)
Generally, boiling point increases with the molecular weight of the compound and decreases with the branching of the chain.
Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points.
(i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane.
(ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane.
Answer:
The order of increasing boiling point is
i) Chloromethane (CH3Cl)< Bromomethane (CH3Br) < Dibromomethane (CH2Br2)< Bromoform (CHBr3)
ii) Isopropyl chloride (C3H7Cl)< 1-Chloropropane (C3H7Cl) < 1-Chlorobutane(C4H9Cl)
Generally, boiling point increases with the molecular weight of the compound and decreases with the branching of the chain.